If a reliability requirement were to be included in the law of electronic signatures, two sets of law would be created.

In both common law and civil law legal traditions, the notion of signature does not include a reliability test.

If the law is going to presume attribution, then that attribution has to rest on a standard of reliability.

Its basic objection was that there was no requirement of reliability in the general law of signatures.

It is noted that there is no such reliability requirement for the legal validity of handwritten signatures (or any of the other marks on paper that may constitute a signature at law).

Reliability

Gender justice must not be left to the realm of customary and traditional legal systems.

Rather, its stated aim is to promote international trade by providing increased legal certainty as to the conclusion of contracts by electronic means.

The law of probability, Kiley?

3.3.2.4 Reliability

Enforcement should not rely on criminal law alone.

Consideration of the topic would help to clarify the functioning and legal consequences of such acts and thus strengthen the rule of law and bring certainty and stability to international relations.

The required reliability could be established without changing the legal concept of a signature, which was valid irrespective of the medium used.

Apart from the reliability of the information, there is a problem of the validity of the sample.

It is noted that the reliability requirement originated from language in laws relating to the closed and heavily regulated area of funds transfer.

Several national laws implementing the Model Law on Electronic Commerce have not incorporated a reliability test, notably the American and Canadian implementations.

3.3.2.4 Reliability 129 29

Mr. Gregory (Canada) said that the new draft text did not supersede the reliability test, which, as interpreted by the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures, remained in force and unchanged, but constituted an alternative to it, which might be termed reliability in fact .

Equality was not achieved merely by enacting laws and by adopting policies and practices that were gender neutral equality was achieved by paying attention to the effects that laws and practices might have on women.

Draft paragraph 3 (b) placed undue emphasis on the technology used and focused on reliability of method rather than on reliability of essence.

Reliability and integrity of information

Validity of the information

45. A predictable and reliable legal system is essential for good governance and democratization.

Can countries without a reliable and effective legislature or legal system do better to protect against downturns?

Of course, the international community must be equipped with credible and effective legal and coercive instruments.

We note that in order to achieve the objective of harmonization of laws relating to electronic commerce, the draft convention should contain either a uniform standard for the reliability requirement for electronic signatures (which can be in the form of a general reliability requirement as in paragraph 3 (b) of article 9), or no reliability requirement (which will be achieved if paragraph 3 (b) of article 9 were deleted).

No, sir. The law of probability is against me.

The cost of improving reliability

Reliability of electronic signatures

In the view of Panama, a task of cardinal importance would be to classify the characteristics of such crime, for which purpose elements of a highly descriptive nature need to be adopted in order to achieve the greatest possible degree of legal certainty.

Why do we have to stick with the stodgy lawyers and just have a paper document?

However, the law does not add any value to this lack of familiarity by introducing a general reliability requirement such as paragraph 3 (b) of article 9.

It uses a system concept that can be realized without the need for conventional space reliability components.

Approaches based purely on the doctrine of comity or on the exequatur do not provide the same degree of predictability and reliability as would a specific legislative framework for judicial cooperation, recognition of foreign insolvency proceedings and access for foreign representatives to courts.

However, both the Philippines and Trinidad and Tobago reported that death sentences had been overturned because of doubts about the safeness of the conviction.

We are of the view that, compared with article 7 of the Model Law on Electronic Commerce, article 6 of the Model Law on Electronic Signatures can significantly increase legal certainty by having set out well detailed standards for determining the reliability of an electronic signature.

The result is a truer picture of the legislative and programmatic aspects and of the social reality of Colombia apos s women.

Calls upon States to make continuous efforts to strengthen the rule of law and promote democracy by

I am convinced that the settlement of disputes or conflicts through the legal system continues to be the surest method of ensuring international peace and security.

It was pointed out that, while contractual assignability would be subject to a single law (i.e. the law governing the assigned receivable), legal assignability would be subject to different laws depending on the country in which the debtor had its place of business.

In assessing the evidential weight of a data message, regard shall be had to the reliability of the manner in which the data message was generated, stored or communicated, to the reliability of the manner in which the integrity of the information was maintained, to the manner in which its originator was identified, and to any other relevant factor.

2. Verification of the reliability and accuracy of the personal data.

XLV, No. 2 (1993), pp. 115 154. Some drug testing techniques have been the subject of debate regarding reliability.

We submit that it should be deleted.

Your life may depend on it.