Adult stem cells are throughout our body, including the blood forming stem cells in our bone marrow, which we've been using as a form of stem cell therapy for over 40 years.

We then take the cells, the vascular cells, blood vessel cells, we perfuse the vascular tree with the patient's own cells.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

(c) Sprut MBI determination of volumes of intra and extra cellular fluid, total circulating blood volume and the proportion of cellular and fluid blood components in the human body under conditions of weightlessness

This is a stem cell that we've developed here in Oxford, from an embryonic stem cell.

You place the vascular blood vessel lining cells on the inside.

We can now reprogram your skin cells to actually act like a pluripotent embryonic stem cell and to utilize those potentially to treat multiple organs in that same patient making your own personalized stem cell lines.

That's all stem cells.

Stem Cell Obscurantism

The Stem Cell Race Continues

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

Memory B cells turn into plasma cells, which produce wave after wave of the specific antibodies that latch onto HIV to prevent it from infecting cells, while squadrons of killer T cells seek out and destroy cells that are already HIV infected.

A blood vessel is made up of two different cell types.

This is one One of the things that one does occasionally need to do is to separate blood cells from serum.

Or we can use cells alone, either your very own cells or different stem cell populations.

It is a fact that when our organs or tissues are injured, our bone marrow releases stem cells into our circulation.

These cancers include acute lymphoblastic leukaemia acute myelogenous leukaemia chronic lymphocytic leukaemia hairy cell leukaemia non Hodgkin's lymphoma Hodgkin's disease melodysplastic syndrome multiple myeloma retinoblastoma Ewing sarcoma Wilms tumour neuroblastoma sarcoma rhabdomyosarcoma testis tumour and lung cancer.

There go the cells.

We worked with a theme, which is, you've got macrophages that are streaming down a capillary, and they're touching the surface of the capillary wall, and they're picking up information from cells that are on the capillary wall, and they are given this information that there's an inflammation somewhere outside, where they can't see and sense.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Plus we have stem cells.

So we actually perfuse first the blood vessel tree with the patient's own blood vessel cells, and we then infiltrate the parenchyma with the liver cells.

Tumor cells can travel through the blood vessels.

If we cannot use stem cells from your body then we'd like to use donor stem cells.

You all know about embryonic stem cells.

Embryonic stem cells have occupied center stage, chiefly because of their pluripotency that is their ease in differentiating into a variety of different cell types.

And I focused my research on stem cells as a possible source for cell transplants.

These are female and male stem cells.

We've talked about stem cells tonight.

You see the cells coming back out.

So we hypothesized that female stem cells might be better at identifying the injury, doing some cellular repair or even producing new organs, which is one of the things that we're trying to do with stem cell therapy.

So here's an image of red blood cells, and now we can actually map where the hemozoin and where the malaria parasites are inside those red blood cells.

But still ways to go to get stem cells into patients, in terms of actual therapies for organs.

And we then can re perfuse the liver with cells, preserving the blood vessel tree.

In a human being, down in here it could be make blood cells, start cancer.

Leukemia cells treated with this compound turn into normal white blood cells.

And we're working a lot with the stem cells that we published on two years ago, stem cells from the amniotic fluid, and the placenta, which have those properties.

And adult stem cells are found in you and me in our blood, in our bone marrow, in our fat, our skin and other organs.

And at that time, stem cell research had gained momentum, following the isolation of the world's first human embryonic stem cells in the 1990s.

And for those we still need stem cells.

But where is stem cell therapy really going?

We're going to make two different kinds.

And some of our investigative teams have demonstrated that female stem cells and this is in animals and increasingly we're showing this in humans that female stem cells, when put even into a male body, do better than male stem cells going into a male body.