The rich rule over the poor. The borrower is servant to the lender.

The rich rule over the poor. The borrower is servant to the lender.

The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender.

The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender.

Neither a borrower nor a lender be, for loan oft loses both itself and friend and borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry.

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In the old days, when borrowers found it impossible to make their payments, mortgages would be restructured foreclosures were bad for both the borrower and the lender. Securitization made debt restructuring difficult, if not impossible.

Philosophically, the debt forgiveness approach rests on the belief that creditors share culpability for defaults with debtors, since they made the bad loans in the first place. As long as the borrower has not misled the lender at the time of taking the loan, the lender bears at least some responsibility for the transaction.

Helping countries to build such a framework was one of the essential functions of the World Bank. Also, transparency between borrower and lender countries was necessary in order to avoid the distortions that came from corruption, crime and the divergence of funds.

Some of those institutions have special loan programmes under which they become the sole lender of record to a project, acting on its own behalf and on behalf of participating banks and assuming the responsibility for processing disbursements by participants and for subsequent collection and distribution of loan payments received from the borrower.

World Bank decentralization of authority and stronger representation in borrower countries were universally welcomed.

And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest as with the servant, so with his master as with the maid, so with her mistress as with the buyer, so with the seller as with the lender, so with the borrower as with the taker of usury, so with the giver of usury to him.

And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest as with the servant, so with his master as with the maid, so with her mistress as with the buyer, so with the seller as with the lender, so with the borrower as with the taker of usury, so with the giver of usury to him.

Since 1987, Acción s network has grown from 13,000 to more than 285,000 active borrower clients.

In fact, it became the largest rehabilitation lender in the country.

ABC obtains a loan from Lender C to finance such acquisition.

ABC also maintains a bank account with Lender A and has granted Lender A a security right in the bank account as additional security for the repayment of the loan.

Just as the dollar is often the unit of account in debt contracts, even when neither the borrower nor the lender is a US entity, the dollar s share in invoicing for international trade is around 4.5 times America s share of world imports, and three times its share of world exports. The prices of some 93 of US imports are set in dollars.

debt service coverage reduces the financial risk to investors and translates into lower borrowing costs for the borrower.

Concrete proposals were made for IMF to be an effective lender of last resort .

The guidelines provide that the World Bank may cancel a loan if it determines that corrupt or fraudulent practices were engaged in by the borrower or beneficiary during procurement or during the execution of the contract without the borrower having taken timely and appropriate actions to remedy the situation.

A certain lender had two debtors. The one owed five hundred denarii, and the other fifty.

A certain lender had two debtors. The one owed five hundred denarii, and the other fifty.

When investors make less risky loans, they require a lower risk premium , thereby reducing the cost of borrowing to the borrower.

The need to enhance the IMF capability to act as a lender of last resort was also emphasized.

Because the revolving loan structure matches borrowings to the borrower's cash conversion cycle (that is, acquiring inventory, selling inventory, creating receivables, receiving payment and acquiring more inventory to begin the cycle again), this structure is, from an economic standpoint, highly efficient and beneficial to the borrower, and helps the borrower to avoid borrowing more than it actually needs.

The inducement for both types of lender is the certainty that special treatment will be accorded to the post commencement finance.

In addition, the Fund should be in a position to act as a lender of last resort to countries facing speculative attacks.

Without fundamental changes in its economic growth pattern, it is difficult to imagine how China can become an immature creditor lender and a mature creditor lender. A more likely scenario is that China will continue to have a trade surplus (though much smaller) and an investment income deficit, mirrored by America s trade deficit and investment income surplus.

Incentives for brokers and credit rating agencies have been even more perverse. In the United States, brokers were selling mortgages without checking whether the borrower had the means to repay.

The seller retains title or the lender is granted a security right in the tangibles purchased to secure the repayment of the credit or loan.

26. Mr. Buira (Banco Nacional de México) replied that a lender of last resort scheme or an emergency facility might prevent a crisis from occurring.

An insolvency law can recognize the need for such post commencement finance, provide authorization for it and create priority or security for repayment of the lender.

ABC obtains a loan from Lender A to finance the purchase of the drill presses from Vendor B, secured by a security right in the drill presses.

The Bank of England s charter did not give it the legal authority to undertake such lender of last resort financial stability operations. But the Bank undertook them anyway.

ABC obtains a loan from Lender B to finance the purchase and installation of the conveyor equipment from Vendor C, secured by a security right in the conveyor equipment.

A second type of lender has no pre insolvency connection with the business of the debtor and is likely to be motivated only by the possibility of high returns.

Right now is precisely the time to do so, given that the United States has become, without rival, the world s most reckless borrower. The US is draining a whopping 75 of the world s surplus savings.

It requires the active involvement of fiscal policymakers. Our current situation requires not a lender of last resort, but a spender of last resort, and that can only be governments.

After the depreciation, the collateral, valued in dollars, is worth less. Loan covenants have likely been broken, and lenders begin demanding that the borrower either put up new collateral or deleverage and repay part of the loan.

For both borrowers and creditors, the risks and costs are enormous. The borrower is cut off from international markets, and essential imports can no longer be purchased, while large scale defaults threaten to plunge creditors into insolvency.

Project finance is a financing modality in which the repayment of loans taken by the borrower is primarily assured by the revenue generated by the project, rather than by other guarantees given or obtained by its sponsors.

Under the bank advisory committee approach, a borrower reaches an agreement with key creditors to endorse a set of terms (or menu of options) that are then presented to the entire community of bank creditors for their acceptance or rejection.

Heedless of its responsibilities as an emergency lender, it had allowed the banking system to collapse. When financial stability hung in the balance in 1933, the Reserve Banks' failure to cooperate prevented effective action.