waste to landfill hazardous, non hazardous waste water discharges

It is reported that many cases of illegal trafficking take the form of the deliberate mixing of hazardous and non hazardous waste.

Prohibition against introducing hazardous waste

J. Illicit trade in hazardous waste

Hazardous waste shipments made without such documents are illegal.

Definitions for hazardous waste and waste management were necessary and a section on public education was essential.

To date no permits have been issued for the export of hazardous waste to the Philippines or Indonesia since the amendments to the Hazardous Waste Act came into force.

Extensive research and studies were undertaken, resulting in a ban on the importation of hazardous waste and in the publication, in 1992, of five volume study Hazardous Waste in South Africa.

UNEP, The Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals Conventions (2002), http www.gdrc.org uem waste all3 overview.pdf.

Illegal trade in hazardous waste continues to occur in violation of the 1989 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal.

The illegal transboundary movement of toxic materials and chemicals and hazardous waste also threatens ecosystems and human health.

The report also found that standards for dealing with hazardous waste ranged from responsible and professional to highly unsatisfactory.

Each shipment of hazardous waste or other waste must be accompanied by a movement document from the point at which a transboundary movement begins to the point of disposal.

Man made threats also plague our region, one such being the trans shipment of hazardous waste through the Caribbean Sea.

The discussions resulted in the decision to establish training centres in the field of hazardous waste management in South Africa.

It was difficult to define what was considered as hazardous waste and to specify the nature of the recycling processes.

The reality is that waste has become one of the global public health problems of modern society today, particularly when it comes to hazardous (medical, radioactive, pharmaceutical) and potentially dangerous waste.

Act No. 4 of 1994 on the protection of the environment (articles 29, 31 and 32) prohibits the circulation of hazardous material and waste or the establishment of facilities for the treatment of hazardous waste without permission from the competent administrative authority and the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency.

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal, 22 March 1989, http www.basel.int text documents.html.

46. According to NGOs, the problems pertaining to hazardous waste management in Africa related partly to a fragmented and uncoordinated approach.

The United States has a long record of cooperation with Mexico on environmental issues. Any legal trade in hazardous wastes between the United States and Mexico is governed under a bilateral hazardous waste agreement.

The two organizations will raise awareness of hazardous waste and marine pollution and support one another with technical and legal training.39

South Africa had not yet signed the Basel Convention amendment banning the importation of hazardous waste but intended to do so soon.

Allegedly, Bharat Zinc imports thousands of tons of metal waste from which it reclaims zinc the rest of the hazardous waste, however, seems to be emitted through the factory smokestack or simply dumped behind the factory.

New environmental legislation has been introduced in several countries to address post consumer waste problems and to phase out hazardous substances that complicate recycling.

The Australian Government considers that it goes well beyond the Special Rapporteur s mandate which is to investigate dumping and illegal traffic of hazardous waste.

It is, furthermore, a matter of current debate as to whether plastic coated cable is generally considered a hazardous waste under the Basel Convention.

The Commission considered that the handling and transporting of the waste was in itself a hazardous operation, and that the cost would be enormous.

The tightening of environmental regulations in industrialized countries in the late 1980s led to a dramatic rise in the cost of hazardous waste disposal there.

Actions at the national, regional and global levels are needed to prevent and detect illegal trafficking of chemicals and hazardous wastes, including efforts towards the more effective application of international conventions relating to transboundary movements of chemicals and hazardous waste.

First, the link of the liability regime with the stringent trade regulations of the Convention, in particular decision III 1, is unclear.The Amendment to the Basel Convention would virtually dry out the export of hazardous waste from OECD to non OECD countries.

It further provides that the disposal of hazardous waste must take place in accordance with the conditions and standards defined in the regulation implementing the Act.

There are also cases involving large scale trafficking in hazardous waste, often involving money laundering activities as well as links to the illegal trade in arms.

The Convention also developed criteria for environmentally sound management of wastes, which require members to take practical steps to minimize the generation of hazardous waste by controlling the storage, transport, treatment, reuse, recycling, recovery and final disposal of the waste.

The passage of ships carrying hazardous waste through the territorial waters or the exclusive economic zone without a permit from the competent administrative authority is also prohibited.

Vieques' formal inclusion on the list of the most hazardous waste sites in the United States was announced by the Environmental Protection Agency on 7 February 2005.

10. During the meetings, the South African authorities indicated that in 1989, the building of an incinerator had raised awareness of the need for hazardous waste management.

Investigations following some of these attempts had led to the identification of hazardous waste which had been imported and not disposed of in an environmentally sound manner.

47. Weak coordination resulted from the fact that environmental matters and, in particular, the power to regulate hazardous waste, fell within the jurisdiction of several governmental departments.

The contact group on cement kilns firing hazardous waste restructured the chapter on that source category, to clarify the distinction between the modes of operation of cement production.

Urges all Governments to take appropriate legislative and other measures, in line with their international obligations, to prevent the illegal international trafficking in toxic and hazardous products and wastes, the transfer of toxic and hazardous products and wastes through fraudulent waste recycling programmes, and the transfer of polluting industries, industrial activities and technologies, which generate hazardous wastes, from developed to developing countries

Urges all Governments to take appropriate legislative and other measures, in line with their international obligations, to prevent the illegal international trafficking in toxic and hazardous products and wastes, the transfer of toxic and hazardous products and wastes through fraudulent waste recycling programmes, and the transfer of polluting industries, industrial activities and technologies, which generate hazardous wastes, from developed to developing countries

The Philippine Labour Code provides that 15 years shall be the minimum age for admission to non hazardous work.

Cement kiln co incineration is the term used in the Basel Convention, while Annex C, part II (b) of the Stockholm Convention refers to cement kilns firing hazardous waste .

Article 32 of the same Act also prohibits the importation of hazardous waste and the granting of permission for its entry into or transit through the territory of the State.