Appreciating the ongoing work in the United Nations system and the work of other intergovernmental organizations on sanitation,

Sanitation

The World Bank's Public Expenditure Tracking System could be used, as appropriate, as a model for monitoring the performance and accountability of sanitation systems.

(b) Sanitation

C. Sanitation

One example is sanitation.

Water and sanitation services

9.1 Water and sanitation

Liveable housing and sanitation.

Further, the Municipality has passed a law directing that all revenue from sewage and sanitation taxes (about US 10 million) should be invested exclusively in the sewage system.

Two billion people without sanitation.

E. Utilities, water and sanitation

12.8.2 Sanitation and drinking water

Communities may also be able to mobilize in kind labour contributions for system construction and maintenance and to pool savings for investments in sanitation infrastructure and other community infrastructure.

UNICEF is supporting or developing joint water and sanitation system reconstruction programmes in three countries, together with the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

Access to sanitation services for the poor could also be expanded through dedicated comprehensive programmes, such as total sanitation campaigns .

The Expert Group discussed at length options to improve the reporting system on DDT and compared the experiences from similar data collection activities, such as the reporting on the access to safe drinking water supply and basic sanitation that ensued from the International Decade for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation (1981 1990).

61 192. International Year of Sanitation, 2008

The importance of water, sanitation and hygiene

Infrastructure, sanitation and environment in rural areas

While UNICEF continues to be involved in institutional sanitation (primarily in schools and in health centres) and may support communal sanitation alternatives (mainly in emergencies), its focus will continue to be on safe and affordable sanitation in households.

By 2015, Senegal aims to implement rural sanitation programmes and to make adequate sanitation available to about 80 per cent of the population.

A holistic approach to sanitation could include measures for changing attitude and behaviour as a complement to investments in sanitation facilities and infrastructure.

Between 1994 and 2002, the proportion of homes with improved sanitation services, defined as a lavatory bowl connected to a drainage system, a lavatory connected to a septic tank, or a flush toilet.

First, the humanitarian system needed to have a more predictable response capacity in areas where there too often were gaps, ranging from the provision of water and sanitation to shelter and camp management.

The UN Habitat Water and Sanitation Trust Fund was launched in 2004, to promote Millennium Development Goal 7, target 10, on water and sanitation.

The latter also recognizes the importance of sanitation.

(i) Support to water supply and sanitation services

Monitoring target 10, relating to water and sanitation

E. Interlinkages among water, sanitation and human settlements

All right, Cleese erupts in exasperation. But apart from the sanitation, the medicine, education, wine, public order, irrigation, roads, the fresh water system, and public health, what have the Romans ever done for us?

First, the humanitarian system needs to have a more predictable response capacity in areas where now there too often are gaps, ranging from the provision of water and sanitation to shelter and camp management.

The Dakar Roadmap resulting from the First Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Forum offers another useful model for developing countries to meet the sanitation goals.

UNICEF is further supporting the water and environmental sanitation project to improve capacity of key Government staff to promote hygiene behaviours and education, and sanitation.

At the request of the Department of Migration, IOM completed a review of Timor Leste's migration management system. IOM is also addressing the needs for water and sanitation of some 3,500 beneficiaries in three districts.

UNICEF water, sanitation and hygiene strategies for 2006 2015

Greater investment and coordination in water and sanitation projects.

Wider though still limited access to improved sanitation services.

Responding to sanitation needs in urban and rural areas

12.8 Housing, sanitation, electricity, drinking water, transport and communications

Treating sanitation as both a right and a civic responsibility is an approach that can help to shape both individual behaviour and community action for improving sanitation.

This could involve a combination of targeting the sanitation needs of the poor and increasing support for hygiene education, which can leverage domestic sanitation demand and investment.

These priorities include water scarcity and pollution sanitation, safe drinking water and health gender mainstreaming in water and sanitation and integrated water resources management and disaster reduction.

A system developed by scientists and funded from the State budget provides medical monitoring, clinical examinations, illness diagnosis and treatment, sanitation and therapy in sanatoriums and health resorts mitigate to some extent the health damage suffered.

Strategies for conveying key sanitation and hygiene messages, for example, about hand washing, and for promoting sanitation solutions have proven effective when they are culturally and gender sensitive.