The Chaotic Birth of South Sudan

The humanitarian situation in south Sudan is very fragile.

In favour China, Cuba, Guatemala, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe.

Angola, Burundi, Lebanon, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia and Uganda subsequently joined the sponsors.

The total lack of infrastructure in south Sudan, together with heavy rains, creates difficult problems.

But, regardless of the outcome of the South Sudan referendum, the impending developments in Sudan will result in important changes to the structure of the Sudanese state. In this context, the Sudanese parties North and South have accepted the important principle of establishing two viable states if the South secedes.

The Darfur conflict resembles the conflict between north and south, the conflict in eastern Sudan exposed last week in a violent eruption in Port Sudan  and the conflicts in the north, in Kordofan, and in central Sudan.

In the Sudan, the hope engendered by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement for the South must be fulfilled.

Despite these challenges, the prospect for peace between the north and south of the Sudan is promising.

Unfortunately, failure to implement policies based on genuine respect for this perspective plunged Sudan into its second costly North South war, fueled the violent conflicts in Western and Eastern Sudan, and created the possibility of the South s secession. Given this history, it is clear that the governments of Sudan and South Sudan, as well as the overwhelming majority of the Sudanese people, have had enough of war and passionately desire peace.

For his part, Mr. Kiir expressed readiness to discuss outstanding issues with the Southern Sudan Defence Force, including those yet to be resolved by the south south dialogue.

Against Armenia, China, Congo, Cuba, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Russian Federation, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Zimbabwe.

The 9 January signing of the north south Comprehensive Peace Agreement was indeed a historic moment for the Sudan.

Against China, Congo, Cuba, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Qatar, Russian Federation, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe.

To encourage Arab States to make their contributions to the Arab fund to assist the Sudan in developing the south, with a view to the execution of development projects in the southern part of the Sudan, including in particular projects which the Government of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement agree merit priority

The situation on the ground was further complicated by a sudden upsurge of returns, and a military build up by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the South Sudan Defence Force.

The Sudan Liberation Movement Army (SLM A) has maintained an aggressive stance, establishing new checkpoints and attacking vehicles, in particular in South Darfur.

Bashir will also no doubt try to stop the oil rich devolved region of South Sudan from declaring independence. The people of South Sudan, most of whom are Christian or animists, are likely to favor secession not least because of the memory of decades of war and the deeply resented imposition of Sharia law by Bashir s government in Khartoum.

A south south dialogue meeting facilitated by the Moi Africa Institute was convened in Nairobi on 30 June to bring together senior SPLM A security officials and commanders of various militia groups active in southern Sudan.

Algeria, Bahrain, Cuba, Djibouti, Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mali, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen and Palestine draft resolution

As early as possible following the signing of the Agreement, the South Sudan Defence Force (a coalition of southern factions) will need to receive proven assurances that the south south dialogue will be carried out in good faith and will result in a fair share of political and socio economic power.

SPLM A will also have to engage with southern constituencies forming the south south dialogue to jointly discuss the creation of southern institutions and public policies and to forge a shared vision for southern Sudan in line with the peace agreement.

Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen and Palestine draft resolution

In favour Armenia, Bhutan, China, Congo, Cuba, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Qatar, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Zimbabwe.

A peace agreement to put an end to the war in the south of the Sudan had been reached and should assist in promoting stability and security.

In five locations in the south, approximately 17,000 former government police remain deployed as well as the emergent police force derived from the Sudan People's Liberation Army.

Women's rights advocates and experts from the following participated (Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Somaliland, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda and Zambia).

Algeria (2007), Burkina Faso (2005), Cameroon (2007), Democratic Republic of the Congo (2007), Gambia (2005), Madagascar (2007), Nigeria (2005), South Africa (2005), Sudan (2007), Uganda (2007), Zambia (2007)

In the area of corporate governance and transparency, assistance has been provided to Angola, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, the United Republic of Tanzania and Zimbabwe.

The ruling National Congress Party (NCP) appears poised to challenge the result of the referendum. Critical negotiations between the NCP in the North and the Sudan People s Liberation Movement in the South on issues that divide the North and South have stalled.

The members of the Security Council welcome the signature on 9 January in Nairobi, Kenya, of the comprehensive peace agreement for the North South peace process in the Sudan.

Similarly, by resolution 1591 (2005) of 29 March 2005, the Council imposed an arms embargo on the states of North Darfur, South Darfur and West Darfur in the Sudan.

On January 9, 2011, the people of South Sudan will vote in a referendum to decide whether they will remain part of a united Sudan or form a new independent state. If they choose the latter option, the new state will come into being on July 9, 2011.

This office would be charged with working with the government of southern Sudan, as well as with managing the peace support operation, including policy formulation and planning in the south.

The Workshop was attended by participants from the following countries and international organizations Benin, Botswana, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Algeria (2007), Botswana (2006), Burkina Faso (2006), Congo (2007), Gabon (2006), Ghana (2008), Mali (2009), Mauritius (2008), Morocco (2009), Nigeria (2007), South Africa (2006), Sudan (2006), United Republic of Tanzania (2009)

Sudan a vast, multiethnic, and multi confessional country, established as a political entity by the British in the 1890s is continuing to fray. The emergence, after a prolonged and bloody civil war, of an independent South Sudan in 2011, freed the local Christian and animist population from the Arab Muslim yoke.

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During the same period, even as Sudan is addressing the issue of its North South relations, it will also have to arrive at a comprehensive agreement to end the conflict in Darfur.

Also at the 2nd meeting, statements were made by the representatives of Jamaica, Bolivia, the Sudan, Jordan, Sierra Leone, Greece, Morocco, the Russian Federation and China and the observer for South Africa.

Burkina Faso (2005), Congo (2006), Egypt (2006), Eritrea (2006), Ethiopia (2006), Gabon (2005), Guinea (2007), Kenya (2007), Mauritania (2006), Nigeria (2006), South Africa (2006), Sudan (2007), Swaziland (2005), Togo (2007), Zimbabwe (2005)