(e) Any tonnes of carbon equivalent emissions allowed that are transferred to another Party under Article 6 (international emissions trading).

The Kyoto Protocol has generated new markets for trading carbon emissions, such as the European Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). At current carbon prices, the value of carbon sequestration by tropical rainforests likely equals or exceeds the current level of international aid being provided to developing countries.

(a) Denial of the opportunity to sell tonnes of carbon equivalent emissions allowed through international emissions trading and or joint implementation and

Emissions trading 28 29 13

Green carbon, which is the deforestation and agricultural emissions, and blue carbon together comprise 25 percent of our emissions.

Green carbon, which is the deforestation and agricultural emissions, and blue carbon together comprise 25 percent of our emissions.

(b) Emissions trading 135 138 48

Why Cutting Carbon Emissions is not Enough

Carbon dioxide emissions and removals from soils

Several vehicles for offsetting GHG emissions exist such as purchasing emission credits from stand alone projects, from a carbon fund, or from an emission trading scheme.

The evolving experiences with carbon finance and emissions trading also show promising results that can provide strong incentives for renewable energy and energy efficiency market development.

The upcoming first single transaction also indicates that Qingdao emissions trading pilot officially kicked off. It will also be the first emissions trading in Shandong and the first city level emissions trading in China.

(d) Any tonnes of carbon equivalent emissions allowed that are acquired from another Party under Article 6 (international emissions trading) (see paragraphs 136 136.2) or Article 7 (joint implementation) (see paragraphs 143 143.6) and minus

The upcoming first single transaction also indicates that Qingdao emissions trading pilot will officially kick off. It will also be the first emissions trading in Shandong and the first city level emissions trading in China.

Innovative financial mechanisms such as the International Finance Facility, carbon off setting, emissions trading, international taxation and the potential of debt for nature swaps should be further explored.

A. Joint implementation and greenhouse gas emissions trading

In the United States, the highly successful cap and trade system for sulfur dioxide emissions has effectively vanished. In Europe, the Emissions Trading System (ETS), the world s largest market for carbon allowances, has become increasingly irrelevant as well.

C. UNCTAD Earth Council initiative on emissions trading 54

C. The UNCTAD Earth Council initiative on emissions trading

Policy mechanisms, such as carbon trading markets, should also be expanded.

Less firewood is consumed, but carbon dioxide emissions have increased.

(a) Hold such tonnes of carbon equivalent emissions allowed or

The second study only considers energy related carbon dioxide emissions.

A. Joint implementation and greenhouse gas emissions trading 44 46

B. Pros and cons of joint implementation and emissions trading

(c) Less any emissions transferred to another Annex Party for their emissions budget under emissions trading provisions permitted in pragraphs 2.1 and 2.2

Various catastrophe bonds, covering earthquakes and other disasters, and weather derivatives have begun trading on financial markets in recent years. The Kyoto Protocol created a mechanism for trading carbon dioxide emissions, which promises to manage the risks of an even bigger potential disaster global warming.

In the absence of a widespread emissions trading culture, establishing emissions trading and JI systems would require large up front layouts for all countries in capacity and institution building.

Support the idea of capping carbon dioxide emissions, global warming pollution, and trading it. Here's why as long as the United States is out of the world system, it's not a closed system.

First, even if carbon dioxide emissions stopped today, global warming would continue.

Did we meet our three percent annual target on reducing carbon emissions?

(f) Removing and storing carbon emissions in geological formations or the oceans

In order to promote the early implementation of a pilot greenhouse gas emissions trading system, UNCTAD and the Earth Council recently launched the Policy Forum on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading.

B. Pros and cons of joint implementation and emissions 47 53 trading

Another initiative worth watching is the Hong Kong stock exchange s exploratory project to offer a trading platform for emissions derivatives, which will most likely include conventional pollutants as well as carbon. The exchange will undertake a study this summer, with trading to begin as early as 2008.

Germany alone spends more than 3 billion annually, or 167 per ton of avoided CO2 emissions, which is more than 37 times the cost of carbon reductions in the European Union Emissions Trading System. And the estimate of avoided emissions ignores indirect land use changes, making the likely real cost at least eight times higher.

Sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by the LUCF sector in most Parties offset the GHG emissions originating from this sector.

The EUA is the unit of trade in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme.

UNCTAD work on climate change began in 1999 with its Emissions Trading Programme.

In the specific case of Nicaragua, catalyst funding obtained has helped to launch an initiative involving several partners, with the aim of identifying concrete proposals for the provision of environmental services, particularly targeting carbon emissions trading.

This is what the U.K. government target on carbon and greenhouse emissions looks like.

Carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per capita of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex B

Carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per capita of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A

(b) Plus any emissions acquired from another Annex Party from their emissions budget under emissions trading provisions permitted in paragraphs 2.1 and 2.2 (see paragraphs 137 and 137.1)

Emission levels achieved before the start of any trading system established under this Protocol cannot be used as the basis for emissions trading