Item 4 Demand side issues

Ours is on the demand side.

In this effort, companies must recognize that both demand and supply factors are or will be driving the transformation of their competitive landscapes. On the demand side, consumers expect a lot more from the products and services they use.

Market structure and regulatory frameworks On the demand side, level of development and income, cultural and historical factors, consumer tastes and geographic and demographic factors, as well as the overall regulatory environment, influence the structure and evolution of the distribution services market.

All these factors resulted in a reduction of employment demand per product unit.

In addition, a number of supply side and demand side measures have been undertaken in accordance with the IPR's recommendations.

The mobilization of the demand side of the sustainable tourism equation is crucial.

Against this background, South Korea s new growth strategy should aim to achieve both a demand side rebalancing and supply side productivity increases.

This complex challenge must be tackled through a comprehensive approach that addresses both the supply side and the demand side of the equation.

While the safeguarding of fissile materials addressed the supply side of terrorism, it was also necessary to address the demand side of terrorism.

The most promising development on the demand side remains the surge in consumption in India.

and that the Commission endorsed the eco efficiency approach and stressed the need for an appropriate balance between supply side and demand side approaches,

These policies contain mostly quot no regrets quot measures, which could be subdivided into quot supply side quot and quot demand side quot ones.

Bribes and corruption have both a demand and a supply side, with the supply side being mostly of greedy corporate unethical businesses and hapless common man.

Some delegates noted that efforts to counter trafficking in persons should place equal emphasis on the demand side and on the supply side of the problem.

And the demand side being mostly politicians, bureaucrats and those who have discretionary power vested with them.

On the demand side, the lack of precise data on drug consumption continued to hamper decision making.

(i) Increased support as well as private concertation of demand side management initiatives in markets, where applicable.

This would result in a number of positive spillovers, on both the demand and the supply side.

Other contributory factors were high domestic liquidity and low, albeit gently rising, interest rates, which enhanced domestic demand expansion.

This explanation may seem even more paradoxical than the first, but the logic is straightforward Governments often try to escape the hard task of improving economic efficiency through supply side reforms and rely on demand side fixes instead. So, when confronted with a growth slowdown caused by structural factors, many countries responded by lowering interest rates and stimulating credit.

To increase pressure on the supply side, demand should be reduced through prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and harm reduction measures.

For purposes of discussion, they may be broadly divided into (a) supply side approaches and (b) demand management measures.

In the short run, the non tradable sector is, by definition, subject to domestic demand constraints. A shortfall in non tradable demand inevitably limits growth on that side of the economy.

The table also provides the quot protective quot factors, which relate to individuals with a lower probability of developing an illicit demand.

Anyone familiar with China s structural shifts on the supply and demand side will recognize some similarities with the German case.

The GM has supported its demand side focus in part through the provision of catalytic resources from its own budget.

The independent evaluation recommended that the GM rethink its choice to focus on the demand side of financial resource mobilization.

Recent experience has shown that supply side factors have emerged as key impediments to many developing countries improved participation in international trade.

The study concludes that the main factors contributing to this increase in demand will be urbanization and motorization which are linked urban phenomena.

The Global Mechanism has supported its demand side focus in part through the provision of catalytic resources from its own budget.

The emphasis is on enhancing public awareness, improving energy efficiency on the demand side and better management of the transport sector.

Demand side, as well as supply side, projects shall be taken into consideration, provided that a project activity results in a reduction of maximum 15 gigawatt hours (GWh), as illustrated by figure 1.

The programme, which is coordinated by the Cabinet, includes a number of policies and measures with specific emphasis on increased energy efficiency on the supply side and on energy saving programmes on the demand side.

Furthermore, the Ministry has already initiated demand side financing pilots (e.g., vouchers for maternal health) as an alternative way of reaching the poor.

In this regard, provisions contained in many COP 6 decisions may be considered to point towards such collaborative arrangements where the secretariat's emphasis is on the demand' side, while the GM focuses on the supply' side.

On the demand side, exchange rate devaluations made non traditional exports more competitive and helped boost demand for relatively unskilled labor. On the supply side, a sharp increase in years of schooling, and especially in access to higher education, swelled the ranks of professionals and other skilled workers and helped lower their relative wages.

If weak demand and high debt were the only factors in play, the latest round of monetary stimulus would be analytically straightforward. But they are not.

Various supply and demand factors, along with policies, were identified as important explanations to why, and in what locations, the globalization of R D takes place.

Likewise, taxi drivers will be more agreeable to the award of additional medallions if demand for their services is buoyant. Hence the continuing need for demand side measures, which puts the ball back in the ECB s court.

China acknowledges that high levels of air and water pollution create discomfort and harm the public s health. Government spending on remedying environmental damage could absorb substantial funds if demand side weakness exacerbates the expected supply side slowdown.

The underlying causes of deforestation include the demand on forest land for agriculture, grazing and human settlements the growing demand for timber and forest products and a range of biotic and abiotic factors that adversely affect forest health and vitality.

One speaker emphasized that any meaningful action against trafficking in human beings should also address the demand side of the issue, including child pornography.

Recent demand side indicators further support this proposition and provide evidence that major increases in the spread of drug trafficking occurred in the 1990s.

An expert emphasized the need for taking a balanced approach, tackling both the supply and the demand side, as was currently done in Australia.