There was gas rationing in 1973.

Jordan states that this rationing was due to the increase in its population.

Food rationing was not based on sex allocation depended on the individual's age and job.

The ideal situation would have been for each family to receive as much as it needed, but shortages had forced rationing of food.

Consequently, the institution of the rationing programme does not in itself provide evidence that the population was actually deprived of the use of water.

The Panel also observes that, although Jordan's rationing programme limited the number of water delivery days, it did not necessarily limit the quantity of water that was actually delivered.

Because if to have the best results, you really needed the most expensive care in the country, or in the world, well then we really would be talking about rationing who we're going to cut off from Medicare.

In Europe, the pre crisis boom in real estate investment was fueled by reckless credit flows from Northern to Southern Europe. Credit rationing has followed, as banks reduced their overburdened balance sheets and were discouraged from risk taking.

Second, energy rationing policies like cap and trade will be a permanent drag on economic activity. Ironically, emissions have not decreased as a result of these policies, but are doing so now as the world economy moves into recession.

Moreover, ordinary Cubans fear that their ration cards their only means of getting food will be canceled. Indeed, according to Raúl, the state controlled food rationing system is a factor of immobility, but no one knows what might replace it.

Worse, using social, rather than medical, criteria for rationing treatments is a slippery slope. One need only recall Seattle s notorious God committee, which in the early 1960s allocated then scarce kidney dialysis on the basis of criteria like earnings, church involvement, and even Scout membership.

If the NBU lets the exchange rate float, Ukrainians are likely to exchange billions of dollars into hryvnia, driving up the hryvnia exchange rate. That would contain Ukraine s inflation, as the NBU could restrict the money supply through high interest rates rather than rationing.

If the NBU lets the exchange rate float, Ukrainians are likely to exchange billions of dollars into hryvnia, driving up the hryvnia exchange rate. That would contain Ukraine s inflation, as the NBU could restrict the money supply through high interest rates rather than rationing.

Worse still, because derivatives and repo investors jump to the head of the repayment line in so many ways, they have less incentive to foster market discipline by closely monitoring their counterparties solvency and carefully rationing their exposure to any single counterparty. They typically get repaid, regardless.

These risks are already exacerbating the economic slowdown equity markets are falling everywhere, leading to negative wealth effects on consumption and capital spending. Borrowing costs are rising for highly indebted sovereigns, credit rationing is undermining small and medium size companies, and falling commodity prices are reducing exporting countries income.

Such anonymity also holds for those who are left untreated in triage the sorting of casualties when natural or man made disasters strike. But, for the same reason, efficiency rules often do meet with protest when they are used or proposed for rationing medical services in everyday medicine.

Consider the oil crisis that began in November 1973, resulting in a world stock market crash and a sharp world recession. Vivid images have stuck in people s minds from that episode long lines of cars at gas stations, people riding bicycles to work, gasless Sundays and other rationing schemes.

Loss of use of water by the Jordanian population Jordan seeks compensation in the amount of USD 134,661,668 for the loss suffered by its population because it was deprived of the full use of water due to strict rationing of municipal water following Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait.

Tighter credit rationing will then further hamper the ability of households and firms to borrow, spend, invest, and sustain economic growth. The risk that a systemic financial crisis will drive a more pronounced US and global recession has quickly gone from being a theoretical possibility to becoming an increasingly plausible scenario.

Profits can be made when energy is rationed or subsidized, but only within an economy operating at lower, or even negative, growth rates. This means that over the longer term, everyone will be competing for a piece of a pie that is smaller than it would have been without energy rationing.

In the interwar Great Depression, the economist Irving Fisher accurately described the process of debt deflation, in which lenders, worried by the deterioration of their asset quality, called in their loans, pushing borrowers to liquidate assets. That, in turn, merely drove down prices further, leading to more credit rationing, bankruptcies, and bank failures.

Some were pushed there by the high cost of containing the damage from banks irresponsible behavior. Facing immediate credit rationing and large output contractions, they could be stabilized only by exceptional official financing from abroad, and, in some extreme cases, by defaulting on past commitments (including to bondholders and, most recently, bank depositors).

It is important to note that even pragmatic arguments about rationing scarce medical resources can be highly controversial. During World War II, when army doctors were forced to ration doses of penicillin, they decided to give first priority to men with sexually transmitted diseases, who would be ready to return to the battlefield more quickly.

But we are not interested in what the multiplier is when the unemployment rate is 3 and the government is trying to diminish consumption and boost private savings via rationing and patriotism based bond drives. We are interested in what the multiplier is under more normal conditions, and when the unemployment rate is 10 .

US financial institutions should have continued to lend to distressed borrowers, in order to prevent a spiral in which credit rationing forced price reductions and intensified world deflation. Instead, US banks, widely blamed for the international lending boom that preceded the bust, were so intimidated and weakened that the flow of American credit stopped.

In order to curb investment demand, tighter credit rationing and monetary policy are inevitable in 2008, while investment projects and land use will be subject to more rigorous control. Likewise, increasing pressure from growing labor costs will force enterprises to lower their profit expectations and cut costs, negatively affecting output growth and employment in the short run.

It thus seems unavoidable that energy consumers, especially in many rich countries, will have to learn to exchange their current worries about the distant future consequences of global warming for the reality of energy shortages during periods of peak demand. Such shortages could result either in chaotic supplies and power outages or in a coordinated policy of energy rationing.

Moreover, European companies receive an excessive 80 of their finance from banks and less than 20 from capital markets (the proportions are roughly reversed in the US). The need to redress that imbalance has become increasingly evident since the recent financial crisis, as banks' efforts to rebuild their capital bases (and meet stricter regulatory requirements) has led to credit rationing.

Such a system can generate a self reinforcing set of popular beliefs, which may explain why countries like Argentina and Venezuela repeatedly drive down dead end streets. Because so many businesses make money from the rents created by the rationing of foreign exchange, rather than by creating value, it is easy to believe that markets do not work, that entrepreneurs are speculators, and that governments need to control them and impose fair prices.

The NBU s leadership understands that it must act to contain inflation, but its insistence on the dollar peg ties their hands, because it prevents them from raising interest rates sufficiently. Instead, they have reverted to strict reserve requirements, effectively rationing credit and thereby causing a domestic credit squeeze in the midst of the current international financial crisis, which is likely to force some medium sized banks into bankruptcy because of liquidity problems.

The NBU s leadership understands that it must act to contain inflation, but its insistence on the dollar peg ties their hands, because it prevents them from raising interest rates sufficiently. Instead, they have reverted to strict reserve requirements, effectively rationing credit and thereby causing a domestic credit squeeze in the midst of the current international financial crisis, which is likely to force some medium sized banks into bankruptcy because of liquidity problems.