If the mother is indigent at the time of the mukhala ah or becomes so thereafter, the father shall be obliged to maintain the child and the mother shall be indebted to him.

The father is under obligation to maintain his children during the period of custody.

The father should be accountable for all expenses related to the nurturing and education of the children.

Illegitimate children can thus claim at least the standard rate of maintenance.

For example, a court may consider it a good reason if a parent has another child who would be less financially secure than the child receiving support if such amount were ordered.

Parents are obliged to support their minor children, and if they refuse to do so, the money for supporting the children (maintenance) is collected from the parents by the court (art. 80 of the Family Code).

Women in both rural and urban areas use Maintenance Courts to secure their maintenance.

Subsidy for school children dependent on women heads of household

The child maintenance payable by the father shall not be offset against any debt owed to him by the woman holding custody.

Shortly after independence the issue of maintenance became a major concern as many women started to complain of the difficulty securing maintenance from the fathers of their children, and about the inefficient operation of the maintenance courts, which fall under the legislation inherited from South Africa.

This also happens very often with mothers raising children (45.2 per cent) and for over 35 per cent of parents raising three or more children.

Indeed, failure to pay alimony was an indictable offence under the Penal Code, while under civil law, the assets of a father who failed to pay child support could be confiscated to enforce such payment.

Women whose marriage is not registered with the State may petition the court to determine paternity and may request maintenance for the children of that marriage.

Encouraging all stakeholders to make every possible effort to achieve the objectives of the Tenth Anniversary of the International Year of the Family, to integrate a family perspective in planning and implementation processes within participatory governance, and to place family perspectives in the International Agenda,

The Family Law required parents to provide for all children as long as they were minors or for a maximum of one year beyond that until secondary school graduation.

Between 1991 and 1993 there were two women ministers and three out of the 15 members of the High Council of the Republic were women.

Support for a child will be specified as a monthly support payment based on the financial situation of each parent and the needs of the child.

13.2 Maintenance Grants

The exemption from the payment of contributions is limited to the receipt of child raising allowances, however.

The standard rate of maintenance is defined as the rate that is normally required to maintain a child who is in his mother apos s care given a simple standard of living (standard rate) as a rule, it is reduced by half of the child benefits payable for the child.

13.3 Maintenance from Parents

Persons who bring up a child with disabilities, who has not yet reached the age of 16, are granted an additional payment of the family state benefit.

Raise children, love me.

The husband also had the final word on the upbringing of the children.

The third Government of the Fourth Republic, which took office on 1 December 1997, contained three women, one of whom was a minister of State.

Ms. Jelavić (Croatia) said that under the Family Law, parents were required to support minor children until the end of high school, and, if necessary, for a maximum period of one additional year.

254. Women who have taken a child raising leave or are in receipt of child raising allowances continue to be covered by the statutory health insurance on a non contributory basis if they were subject to compulsory coverage before.

Parental duty to take care of their underage children In accordance with the requirements of the Covenant, Article 179 of the Civil Law provides that it is the parents' duty in proportion to their material and social position to take care of the life and welfare of their dependant children, to provide them with nutrition, i.e., to provide food, housing, clothes, to take care of them, to bring them up and educate.

4. Child raising allowance

In Aruba, according to tradition and cultural values, women are still regarded as being primarily responsible for raising children and preserving family life.

The employer is required to grant a holiday at the time requested by a parent raising a child of up to 7 years old, and a parent raising a child between 7 and 10 years of age must be granted a holiday during the school holiday of a child, if the parent so wishes.

122. The relationship between the single and primary dependant rates of the base salary scale and the children s allowance was addressed.

Thirty eight per cent of the adult population receive transfer payments, with parents having an obligation to maintain their children up to the age of 18.

Women whose marriage is registered with the State may petition the court during the dissolution and receive part of the property and the maintenance for the children.

A study conducted by the LAC showed that women in both rural and urban areas use the maintenance courts and are concerned about more effective mechanisms for securing maintenance, and that many women find traditional approaches to maintenance under customary law inadequate.

5. Child raising leave

Staff member with a dependent spouse or a dependent child

(1) The raising and upbringing of children until they come of full legal age shall be a right and obligation of their parents and shall be assisted by the State.

314. Single mothers raising their children alone are entitled to preferential treatment.

If a person who is in receipt of child raising allowances or who has taken a child raising leave engages in part time employment subject to compulsory coverage, the relevant contributions have to be paid.

In the third world the households in which the woman is the only source of support for the children amount to nearly 20 .

The dependents of the worker or pensioner will also remain entitled to medical care services.

How does she bring up her children?

The households evaluating their nourishment as below the average level were those maintained on unearned income other than pensions (33.6 per cent), households with unemployed members (32.9 per cent), mothers raising children (30.9 per cent) and married couples raising four or more children (26.2 per cent).

A parent is required to maintain his or her minor child and an adult child who needs assistance and is incapacitated for work.