Decentralization in the forest sector should not be implemented in isolation from a general national forestry strategy such as national forest programs.

Forests disappearing, deserts where once there was forest.

(l) Creating an enabling environment for the involvement of and investment by local communities and forest users in sustainable forest management

Re wetting peatlands and the restoration of degraded peat forests should be the next step, followed by the creation of early warning systems to detect and control forest fires. Finally, with the support of the private sector, Indonesia needs to establish a community based forest management system.

The fields and the forests, the green hills.

Protection of moral and material interests 665 671 137

International cooperation in the area of culture and research 672 139

There are a number of existing international arrangements that have succeeded in strengthening long term political commitment to sustainable forest management and led to significant improvements in national forest policies, legislative frameworks and standards in line with the principles of sustainable forest management.

Reverse the loss of forest cover worldwide through sustainable forest management, including protection, restoration, afforestation and reforestation, and increase efforts to prevent forest degradation

Forest and Grassland Conversion

(c) Countries with arid and semi arid areas, forested areas and areas liable to forest decay

(vi) Undertake measures to prevent, monitor and fight forest fires, and to reforest destroyed areas

International Forest Policy Forum

Forest applications include forest area estimation and mapping, forest monitoring, forest fire assessment and forest management.

For example, the integration of local and indigenous communities in sustainable forest management has strengthened the implementation of the IPF IFF proposals for action.

Land use change and forestry

The jungle is not the place for him.

Forest ownership in the US is diverse it includes extensive private forests, federally managed forests and public forests managed by state and local governments as well as forests owned by native Indian tribes.12

Out of the total area of Bosnia and Herzegovina (5,113,000 hectares), forests and forest land account for 53 per cent (2,700,770 hectares or 0.71 hectares of forest and forest land per capita).

The Economic and Social Council, in its resolution 2000 35, established the international arrangement on forests with the United Nations Forum on Forests as a subsidiary body.

Rehabilitation and conservation strategies for countries with low forest cover Rehabilitation and restoration of degraded lands and promotion of natural and planed forests Maintaining forest cover to meet present and future needs Social and cultural, and economic, aspects of forests.

(n) Review and, as needed, improve forest related legislation, strengthen forest law enforcement and promote good governance at all levels in order to support sustainable forest management, to create an enabling environment for forest investment and to combat and eradicate illegal practices, in accordance with national legislation, in the forest and other related sectors

Benefits of FOREST LANDSCAPE RESTORATION

(y) Enhance access by households, small scale forest owners, forest dependent local and indigenous communities, living in and outside forest areas, to forest resources and relevant markets in order to support livelihoods and income diversification from forest management, consistent with sustainable forest management.

A forest may consist either of closed forest formations where trees of various storeys and undergrowth cover a high proportion of the ground or open forest.

At the national level, important developments have included the formulation and implementation of national forest programmes and reforms in national legislation dealing with forests, land use and natural resources, as well as decentralization and the devolution of forest management to communities.

(k) Enforcing forest legislation and promoting law enforcement and governance

In the rural areas of developing countries, forests and the forest industries may enhance employment and income generation.

The forest ecosystem and forest resources

His delegation welcomed the recent establishment of the Intergovernmental Forum on Forests which would contribute to consensus building on the legal framework and instruments for ensuring an international regime of responsible forest use and sustainable forest management.

In response to this challenge and to the fact that 500 million people currently depending on secondary and degraded forests for their livelihoods, the Global Partnership on Forest Landscape Restoration was initiated, with the purpose of catalyzing and reinforcing a network of diverse examples of forest landscape restoration that deliver benefits to local communities and to nature, and fulfil international commitments on forests.

Understanding forest landscape restoration

A small piece of empty space surrounded by a forest

How can increased community control of forests be harnessed for successful forest landscape restoration?

communicate IAF's activities and outcomes in simple language to a wider range of constituencies.

Combating deforestation and forest degradation

(d) Voluntary guidelines based on the Rio Forest Principles3 to support the implementation of the IPF IFF proposals for action on the ground

The deforestation rate in the 1990s was estimated at 14.6 million hectares per year since 5.2 million hectares were gained through afforestation and natural expansion of forests, the rate of net deforestation was 9.4 million hectares per year (see table).3 Most of the losses occur in the tropics, while in the non tropical regions forests are expanding either naturally (for example on large areas of abandoned agricultural land) or as a result of afforestation programmes.

In addition, considerable efforts are being made to improve natural forest management and recover forest loss through the Forestry Incentives Programme of the National Forestry Institute (INAB).

Forests have deteriorated, due to illegal harvesting and encroachment for agriculture and settlement.13

State owned forests and forest land is 81 per cent and private owned is 19 per cent.

The establishment of an international arrangement on forests, which includes the United Nations Forum on Forests, and the support of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests to the work of the Forum, represents a landmark in the development of an institutional framework for sustainable forest management.

This is something called an underground forest.

Map showing forest cover in the Republic of Guatemala

Forest