Subject matter Independence of the judiciary Practising lawyers appointed as substitute judges

The judiciary's independence is further protected as the salaries payable to the judges and their terms of office may not be altered to their disadvantage after their appointment.

In Germany, cases were assigned to court divisions. A court division would consist of a judge sitting alone or of a number of judges.

The independence of judges is guaranteed by the Constitution they are appointed for life and may only be removed on the grounds of mental incapacity or gross misconduct.

Guyana reported that its Constitution vested in an independent tribunal executive powers to appoint magistrates and to advise the President of the Republic as regards the appointment of judges of the High Court and the Court of Appeal.

A member of the Court elected to replace a member whose term of office has not expired shall hold office for the remainder of his predecessor's term.

The State party should guarantee the full independence and impartiality of the judiciary by establishing an independent body charged with the responsibility of appointing, promoting and disciplining judges at all levels and by remunerating judges with due regard for the responsibilities and the nature of their office.

B. Independence of judges and lawyers

The members shall be appointed by the General Assembly for four years and may be reappointed once. A member appointed to replace a member whose term of office has not expired shall hold office for the remainder of his or her predecessor's term, and may be reappointed once

2. The members shall be appointed by the General Assembly for four years and may be reappointed once. A member appointed to replace a member whose term of office has not expired shall hold office for the remainder of his or her predecessor's term, and may be reappointed once.

Not tonight he won't. The judge is our exclusive beat.

Independence of judges and Mr. P. Cumaraswamy 2000

Article 88 of the Basic Law provides that Judges of the courts of the HKSAR shall be appointed by the Chief Executive on the recommendation of an independent commission composed of local judges, persons from the legal profession and eminent persons from other sectors.

However, access to a judge always and necessarily implies that the judge is independent and impartial.

(c) Our position on the issues is not solely that of the executive arm. Since the 1999 interpretation, several senior judges (including one Permanent Judge of the CFA and two judges of the High Court) have, at the time of their retirement, confirmed that there has not been any interference with judicial independence since the reunification. All agreed that the 1999 interpretation did not erode the rule of law and that there was no threat to judicial independence.

Acting as a judge

18. Judges are appointed on the basis of influence, which is not only contrary to the Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary, but also makes it impossible to verify the qualifications of the person appointed.

The State party should guarantee the full independence and impartiality of the judiciary by guaranteeing judges' security of tenure.

The judiciary is a separate body from the Government, and its members are not elected but appointed on the advice of the Chief Justice.

The States parties shall guarantee the independence of the judiciary and protect magistrates against any interference, pressure or threats.

Article 15 of the Statute of the Court provides that a member of the Court elected to replace a member whose term of office has not expired shall hold office for the remainder of the predecessor's term.

The United States explained that the independence of federal judges in the United States system was not guaranteed by specific language in the Constitution, but that there were provisions in the Constitution, in statutes and in regulations which guaranteed the independence of the judiciary, such as provisions relating to life tenure for judges, the principle of no reduction in compensation for judges, the doctrine of separation of powers and the administration of the judicial branch by judges.

B. Independence of judges and lawyers 49 68 18

The Special Rapporteur welcomes this decision which, inter alia, asserted the independence of the judiciary with regard to the appointment of judges.

It had always been my desire to be on the bench, and as magistrate, I served at various judicial divisions of Kaduna State Judiciary, where I rose to the position of Chief Magistrate.

132. The National Council of the Judiciary is an independent and autonomous organ which is responsible for the selection and appointment of judges and procurators, except when the latter are elected by the people.

The principle of irremovability, as the basic guarantee of the independence of judges, must be observed in respect of judges who have been appointed in accordance with a procedure consistent with a constitutional State.

The principle of irremovability, as the basic guarantee of the independence of judges, must be observed in respect of judges who have been appointed in conformity with the rule of law.

It also decided that three additional judges should be elected as soon as possible to serve in the additional Trial Chamber and that the judges so elected should serve until the date of expiry of the terms of office of the judges currently serving on the Tribunal (16 November 2001).

Notes the Special Rapporteur's concern that the situation of the independence of judges and lawyers, which is the bedrock of the rule of law, remains delicate in many parts of the world

Notes the Special Rapporteur's concern that the situation of the independence of judges and lawyers, which is the bedrock of the rule of law, remains delicate in many parts of the world

Judge Van Den Wyngaert was elected as a permanent Judge of the Tribunal in the November 2004 elections while serving as an ad litem Judge.

In particular, CIJL reported that violence aimed at judges remained a dire obstacle to judicial independence in many countries.

1977 Promoted to Judge of the Court of Appeals.

Additional prosecutors and judges have been appointed to staff those courts.

C. Conditions of recruitment of judges and procurators

The result was the appointment (or reappointment) of 877 judges and prosecutors.

Right to be judged by a competent, independent and impartial judge

The mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers not only includes inquiries and identification and recording of attacks on the independence of judges and lawyers, but also investigation on progress achieved in protecting and enhancing their independence.

Acting as a lay judge

Judge, Director of Studies at the National School for Judges and Court Officials (ENMG) and instructor in the juvenile affairs department, having been a juvenile judge for seven years in the court of first instance in Tamatave.

He is employed at the Supreme Court as a supreme court judge.

He performs the duties of both a Government Procurator and examining magistrate described above.

Training workshops for circuit court judges, magistrates and justices of the peace will be conducted following the appointments of judicial nominees.

The pension benefit for the judges of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, would be based on that applicable to the judges of the International Court of Justice, prorated to account for the difference in length in the terms of appointment, that is to say, nine years for the members of the International Court of Justice versus four years for the judges of both tribunals.