In many cases, processing industries have, however, access to zero or low duty imports of their raw materials under tariff quotas or autonomous tariff suspensions.

A problem in carrying out a study of peak tariffs is that a substantial proportion of peak tariffs are specific rates or combined rates.

There are important cases where tariff quotas carry peak rates or even rates exceeding 30 per cent.

1. Taxation and customs

They may arbitrarily undercharge or overcharge taxes and duties on commercial transactions to the point of extortion.

Office des douanes et accises

Temporary tariff rate may be applied to imported goods within a specified period of time.

Extensive negotiations are expected on the number of tariff bands, the criteria for setting such tariff bands and the modalities for reducing tariffs in each band.

(a) Substantial reductions of tariffs, the rolling back of tariff peaks and the removal of tariff escalation

In cases where the customs discovers that duties are not levied at all or only partially on goods under the customs supervision due to the violation of regulations on the part of taxpayers, it shall pursue and levy duties on the taxpayers within three years, starting from the day of duty payment, and also levy a late fee of 5 10,000 of the amount not levied, starting from the day of duty payment.

However, if the failure to levy duties partially or entirely is caused by the violation of competent provisions on the part of taxpayers, the customs may pursue and levy duties on the taxpayers within three years, starting from the day of duty payment or access being granted to goods the customs may also levy a late fee of 5 10,000 of the amount not levied, starting from the day of duty payment or access being granted to goods.

Calculating formula for ad valorem is duty payable customs value x tariff rate

Market access Tariffs and non tariff barriers

(a) The tax payable in respect of the conveyance and mortgage of, or release of mortgage on, the dwelling from which they benefit

3. import duties and domestic taxes.

Head, Division of International Taxation, Department of Tax and Custom Duties Policy, Ministry of Finance.

In cases where after granting access to import and export goods, the customs discovers that duties are not levied or levied not in its entirety, it shall levy duties on the taxpayer within one year, starting from the day of duty payment or access being granted to goods.

In cases where taxpayers who owe duty undergo cancellation, disband, go bankrupt or terminate business in accordance with the law during the period when the bonded goods or goods entitled to duty exemption or reduction are under supervision, they shall report to the customs before liquidation.

There is no income tax, and customs duties account for about 35 per cent of government revenues other significant revenue sources are company fees, land and stamp taxes, employment tax, a hospital levy, vehicle licence fees and taxes on hotel occupancy, passenger departures and cigarette sales.

Export duties are not included in the customs value.

Chow Kwong (Hong Kong), Customs and Excise Department

The introduction of new or increased oil taxation shall be ruled out.

There are no income, estate or capital gains taxes.

Meanwhile, with the reduction of general tariff level, especially the import tariff reduction of medicine and consumer goods, the taxable items and tax rate for import tax on imported goods would be reduced accordingly.

The host Government may grant some form of tax and customs exemption, reduction or benefit to the project company (e.g. to facilitate the import of equipment for the use of the project company by means of exemption of customs duties), or may establish some preferential tax treatment.

The GSP rate is half of the MFN rates and subject to tariff quotas.

In application of the agricultural safeguard clause, the US tariff specifies additional duties so that imports above the tariff quotas are subject to progressively higher tariff rates the lower the actual export price.

All items should be exempt from tax and customs duty.

For import goods subject to TRQ administration as specified by the State, the TRQ rate will be applied within the tariff rate quota, and the provisions of article 10 and 11 of this set of regulations shall come into play in terms of the application of tariff rate of imported goods going beyond the tariff rate quota allowed.

The Doha Ministerial Declaration (DMD) called for the reduction or, as appropriate, elimination of tariff and non tariff barriers to EGS.

Other issues relate to the treatment of rates on unbound tariff lines, the extent of the binding coverage, the methodology to be used to the establish the base rate, or final bound rate, and the conversion of specific rates to ad valorem or percentage format.

However, more work is needed to find or create the appropriate tariff headings and to address non tariff barriers.

If this control were carried out in the form of increased tariffs or duties, it would conflict with a trade treaty maintained by China and Australia at that time, which absolutely limited restrictive tariffs and duties.

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Measures governing goods subject to retaliatory customs duties, country or region of application, tariff rate, period, and method of levy shall be determined and published by the State Council Tariffs Commission.

They are exempted from income tax customs duty licence fees stamp duty registration dues and transcription and inscription fees.

Calculating formula of import duties is import duties customs value x import tariff rate

In cases where taxpayers undergo merger, division or regrouping of assets during the period when the bonded goods or goods entitled to duty exemption or reduction are under supervision, they shall report to the customs.

Tariffication of former quantitative restrictions, levies and similar non tariff protection measures resulted in extremely high rates exceeding in most cases 30 per cent and reaching up to 30 per cent and more for MFN trade above tariff quotas (see table 9).

Thus, they should allow easy retrieval of so called ad valorem equivalents (AVEs), also called implicit tariffs or implicit rates of protection.

Tax. Full tax. English tax.

For imported articles for which the State Council Tariffs Commission specifies that duties, subject to goods, are applied, customs duties shall be levied in line with the provisions of Chapters two to four of this set of regulations.

In cases where the taxpayer requests to pay the duties in one go he may choose to evaluate the customs value in line with the provisions of article 21 of this set of regulations, or take the total rental identified by the customs as the customs value.

It is incumbent upon the Directorate General of Customs and Special Taxes on the Consumption (DGAIEC) The Portuguese Board of Customs Ministry of Finance.

Tariff headings, tariff lines and tariff rates specified in the Customs Import and Export Tariff of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Customs Tariffs ) and Table of Tariff Rates of Import Duties of the People's Republic of China of Entry Articles (hereinafter referred to as the Table of Tariff Rates of Import Duties of Entry Articles) drafted by the State Council are an integral part of this set of regulations.