The tax system should be reformed by increasing reliance on income progressive taxes, restructuring the property tax and introducing reasonably progressive taxes.

30. The Government has reformed the tax structure, reducing overall rates while widening coverage through improved efficiency in collection.

But, while these additional tax revenues would improve Europe s public finances, they would not obviate the need to reform the welfare state. Indeed, at best, they could facilitate a socially responsible transition to more efficient forms of social protection.

Critical agency reforms include the strengthening of tax administration and customs services through economic policy reforms, such as simplifying and lowering tax and tariff schedules, and through organizational changes, such as better pay and employment conditions, improved procedures, records management,and financial systems.

For these reasons, Obama is championing a revenue neutral reform that would leave corporate tax revenues unchanged, with the proposed rate cut financed by limiting deductions, credits, and loopholes, which would broaden the tax base.

Republicans have proposed tax reforms in lieu of rate hikes on high income taxpayers to raise revenues for deficit reduction. Obama has signaled that he is willing to consider this approach, provided it increases tax revenues from the top 2 3 by at least the same amount as higher rates while protecting other taxpayers.

Tax system and customs reform

(h) Agrarian Reform Bill

Together with the tax reform, consumption tax policies for general consumer goods such as clothing and cosmetics will be optimized, with overall adjustments made to the scope of taxation, tax rates, and the different parts of the taxation process.

Corporate tax reform also offers a good opportunity for bipartisan agreement, especially given that Obama and congressional leaders of both parties have expressed interest. While gains from fundamental tax reform say, replacing the current tax system with a broad based consumption tax are large, on the order of 0.5 1 percentage point per year of economic growth for a decade, corporate tax reform would also boost growth.

The fact that a large share of business income is currently taxed as personal income makes it difficult to separate corporate tax reform from personal tax reform, as Obama and members of Congress would prefer to do. Moreover, keeping the two areas of reform separate rules out the approach adopted by several other developed countries, which have offset some of the revenue losses from cutting corporate tax rates by increasing taxes on corporate equity income at the personal shareholder level.

According to them, apart from the growth of the private sector, capacity building in, and reform of, taxation and public administration were needed to bolster tax revenues.

In this respect the gifts tax, the levy on capital, the acquisition of business concerns under the Business Undertakings Act, and the two phases of the land reform programme have directly contributed to reducing income and wealth.

What the best structural reforms actually are remains a matter for debate. But in most countries, they include some combination of tax, labor market, service sector, and education reforms, as well as reforms in territorial administration, particularly in France.

In many countries, tax reform has already significantly increased the share of direct taxes in overall revenue. Raising tax rates for the wealthiest citizens in developing a more progressive income tax framework would bolster this progress.

Taxes, revenues, uncollectible taxes and tax credits

He argues that the tax law reform of 2001 refutes the State party's argument that the inequalities in the Act of 4 July 1990 were necessary to elaborate a coherent body of tax legislation.

From the perspective of measurement and calculation of personal tax reduction for Shanghai taxpayers in the earlier stage, the broad masses of taxpayers will fully experience the benefits of the personal income tax reform, especially the lower and middle income people, who will see more significant tax reduction.

A new tax code was adopted, with lower and fewer taxes, notably a flat income tax of 13 . The civil code was completed, a new customs code was enacted, and substantial judicial reform was implemented.

State Revenues Act.

Municipal Revenues Act.

India s complex system of national and state sales taxes distorts domestic trade. Replacing these taxes with a national value added tax and using revenue sharing to the states has been long debated and should now be enacted.

Unfortunately, advanced countries have implemented very little fundamental tax reform so far. Many governments are giving in to higher marginal tax rates rather than overhauling and simplifying the system.

At such a sensitive time, it is no surprise to hear politicians pitching the idea of tax reform suggesting that they can simplify the system, close loopholes, and use the proceeds to reduce tax rates. The allure of such appeals is that a crackdown on others tax avoidance will mean that you personally will pay less in taxes.

The key reason is that several recent reforms announced by German Chancellor Angela Merkel raising the value added tax, increasing user charges for healthcare, and taxing interest payments as a part of so called corporate tax reform promise to reduce German economic growth, perhaps significantly, in 2007.

Governments should also work to improve tax compliance and reduce evasion, which requires limiting tax officials discretionary authority. Computerizing tax administration, for example, could help to limit corruption by making it more difficult to tamper with records.

Studies were carried out, inter alia, in the areas of health, education, tax policy, reform of public enterprises.

Other reforms have been partially implemented in areas such as taxation and accounting, privatization, competition policy and intellectual property rights.

It also provides for assistance in the reform of the criminal legislation.

Those initiatives will be coupled with a new draft investment law, a credible budget for 2006 and the introduction of a fair and simple tax reform bill, which will be submitted to the Parliament at its next sitting.

In Poland, the restructuring of the taxation system took place during the transition period.

Efforts to cap popular tax expenditures will encounter strong opposition from Republicans and Democrats alike. Nonetheless, some tax reforms are likely to be a key component of a bipartisan deficit reduction deal, because they provide Republicans who oppose increases in tax rates for high income taxpayers with an ideologically preferable way to increase revenue from them.

An urgent task, simply crying out for attention, is to bring order to the taxation system so as to stimulate production processes and structural changes.

The strategies typically include accelerating such measures as deregulation and tax simplification, civil service reform, reform of public procurement and auditing policies, legal and judicial reform, and strengthening public oversight mechanisms.

Reportedly, during the previous congressional session, she had submitted to the Ways and Means Subcommittee of Congress and the Finance Committee of the Senate a proposal that would amend section 956 of the Internal Revenue Code and, essentially, recreate section 936 as it was before the Federal Government decided to eliminate most of the tax exemptions.

(on renewing the United Nations a programme for reform)

Despite extensive efforts to improve the business environment by reforming the legal framework, simplifying investment legislation, adopting one stop shopping, providing incentives and reducing taxes and other charges, FDI in Mali had failed to increase.

It considered that it was not unreasonable for the legislator to postpone the amendment of the legislation in order to resolve the issue as part of a general tax reform.

Between 2003 and 2005, an ambitious and innovative tax reform had been carried out, which had led to a significant increase in government revenue.

But how should additional revenues be raised from top taxpayers to achieve these two goals? Most economists believe that increasing revenues by reforming the tax code and broadening the tax base is probably better for the economy s long term growth than raising income tax rates.

Immediate streamlining of public finances by improving the collection of receivables so that civil servants could be paid their salaries.

This drop in revenues may be worsened by the amendments to the laws on free zones, value added tax and income tax adopted in 1997 and 1998, which together have eroded the tax base.

Most economists favor finding ways to broaden the tax base for example, by eliminating special deductions and privileges in order to keep marginal tax rates low. Broadening the income tax base is a central element of the highly regarded Simpson Bowles proposals for tax reform in the United States.

Tax law (paras. 55 57)

Other States may resort to laws prohibiting tax evasion, given that this illegal income is neither declared nor taxed.