IV 8. Access to genetic resources and sharing the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources

The Convention on Biological Diversity begins its discussion of genetic resources by proclaiming not the common heritage of such resources, but rather the sovereignty of nations over them.

Access to genetic resources

By 1992, the concept of a global commons or open system for genetic resources began to be forgotten.

In this regard, the Panel stresses that its findings regarding the proposed measures, and its suggestions of possible modifications, have been based on information available to it on the environmental conditions in the claimant countries prior to 15 September 2004.

That delegation also expressed the view that outer space was the common heritage of mankind and a limited natural resource, and that there was a need for the rational use of outer space.

At the end of 1991, they successfully pressed for the adoption of annex III to the Undertaking. The annex stated that the Undertaking's heritage of mankind concept was subject to the sovereignty of the states over their plant genetic resources and that nations have sovereign rights over their plant genetic resources.

It is rich in mineral resources, natural mineral resources.

Andean countries decided that a contract on genetic resources and traditional knowledge drawn up with indigenous peoples had to be annexed to the principle contract on genetic resources otherwise, the principle contract could be declared null and void.

The World Intellectual Property Organization has an ongoing programme addressing traditional knowledge and genetic resources.

Indigenous technology, land and resource management, medicine, and crops, are an important contribution to world heritage.

(a) Endorsement of the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources

Many delegations supported the protection of cultural heritage and cultural diversity, and additional resources for the strengthening of national and regional initiatives that have this aim.

This includes both the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples residing within the Statee borders, as well as elements of cultural heritage that originate from indigenous peoples residing outside State borders.

Emphasizing that underwater archaeological, cultural and historical heritage, including shipwrecks and watercrafts, holds essential information on the history of humankind and that such heritage is a resource that needs to be protected and preserved,

Report of the Secretary General

The third claim unit is for damage to cultural heritage resources in Iran caused by contamination from the oil well fires.

We also recognize the need to address the issue of genetic resources.

Genetics, Natural Resource

Although the Undertaking applied only to plant genetic resources, an area in which the concept of a global genetic commons was especially strong, all genetic material had traditionally been viewed as part of a global commons.

The sea offers other economically valuable benefits to be exploited, such as genetic and biological resources.

(d) Genetic resources beyond areas of national jurisdiction

(b) Preservation and development of the national intellectual, artistic and archaeological heritage

(b) Endorsement of and enhanced support to the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and the Global System for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources

Joint decision on mineral resources

Countries of the Andean region of Latin America had demonstrated some positive recognition of genetic resources as the property of indigenous peoples.

In relation to access to natural resources including biological resources, genetic resources and or traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples, leading to possible exploration, development or use thereof.

The number of maternal mortalities attributable to complications of pregnancy and childbirth is 40 per 100,000 live births.

Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture( CGRFA) Rome 8th Session, April 1999 9th Session, October 2002 lst Meeting of the (CGRFA) acting as the Interim Committee for the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food Agriculture.

Article 2 Freezing of assets and economic resources

VII. Resources for the field assets control system

States shall, preferably through recognizing indigenous peoples' right to control and benefit from their natural resources, including genetic resources, traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions, guarantee that indigenous peoples have financial resources available that effectively allow them to maintain, safeguard and protect their cultural heritage.

Unfortunately, fewer and fewer resources were being allocated for such activities.

Our authorities take pride in their continuous efforts to protect the cultural heritage of Northern Cyprus, utilizing limited resources in the most efficient manner in maintaining and restoring all sites and monuments irrespective of their historical and religious origins.

Developing countries have called for establishing effective and enforceable international mechanisms under TRIPS to prohibit and prevent the misappropriation of genetic resources to regulate the disclosure of sources of genetic resources and the traditional knowledge involved in an invention and to ensure prior informed consent and benefit sharing.

There is a growing interest for bioprospecting for deep seabed genetic resources.

(g) Recognize further that indigenous peoples' cultural heritage is intrinsically linked and connected to their traditional territories, lands, waters and natural resources.

Productive functions of forest resources.

D. Waste generation linked to

D. Waste generation linked to resource consumption

Most forms of energy production and transformation also involve the consumption or use of water in some manner, with associated impacts on the resource from which the water is drawn.

Improve the management of cultural and natural heritage sites and ensure the accessibility of such heritage to all and its cost effective maintenance.

Free, prior and informed consent was also being discussed in relation to the intellectual property aspects of access to, and benefit sharing in, genetic resources.

They invest resources where they can make the most difference.

VII. Resources for the field assets control system