Furthermore, since the project is built and, during the concession period, operated by the project company, the country benefits from private sector expertise in operating and managing the relevant infrastructure facility.

The purpose of the project company shall be limited to the execution and operation of the project for which the concession was awarded.

Furthermore, since those projects were built and, during the concession period, operated by the project company, the country benefited from private sector expertise in operating and managing the relevant infrastructure facility.

One variation of BOT projects are the build rent operate transfer (BROT) projects or build lease operate transfer (BLOT) projects, where, in addition to the obligations and other terms usual to BOT projects, the private entity rents the physical assets on which the facility is located for the duration of the agreement.

Indicators providing information on availability of transport operators and intermediary services include number and types of transport operators, whether they are private or government, presence of international operators, size of operators, number and type of intermediary services, etc.

The operation and maintenance company will need clear operating requirements and regulations and will seek to obtain assurances from the project company or the host Government that it will be able to operate and maintain the facility without undue interference.

Normally, institutional investors do not participate otherwise in the development of the project or the operation of the facility.

For those reasons, the operating company s viewpoint as regards the assessment of the economic and financial viability and profitability of the project may differ from the viewpoint of the other project sponsors and, therefore, it may be valuable to obtain the input of the prospective operating company at the early stages of the project.

Some laws contain provisions concerning the scope of activities of the project company, requiring, for instance, that the project company s activities be limited to the development and operation of a particular project.

Clearly, the market is not uniformly responding to UNOPS current service offerings, value propositions and operating models.

In some projects, such as the build transfer operate (BTO) projects, it is expressly provided that the infrastructure facility becomes the property of the host Government immediately upon its completion, the project company being awarded the right to operate the facility for a certain period.

In yet other projects, such as build own operate projects, the infrastructure facility and all related assets and equipment is transferred to the host Government at the end of the project term.

Build own operate (BOO) are projects in which, as in BOOT projects, a private entity is engaged for the financing, construction, operation and maintenance of a given infrastructure facility in exchange for the right to collect fees and other charges from its users.

The lenders, whose main or sole recourse is the revenue generated by the project, may have an interest in ensuring that the works will not be left incomplete and that the concession will be operated profitably in the case of inability of the project company to do so.

Another project involving a hybrid electric bus is under way, with two buses already operating in Luxembourg city.

The words project company are used to refer to the independent legal entity established by the project sponsors for the purpose of carrying out the construction works and operating the infrastructure facility.

Among all contractors retained by the project company, the contractor or contractors responsible for the operation and maintenance of the infrastructure facility are the ones with the longest lasting involvement in the project.

Delays in bringing an infrastructure project into operation may compromise its financial viability or cause considerable loss to its sponsors.

Therefore, one of the main concerns of the project company during the operational phase is to avoid as much as possible any interruption in the operation of the facility and to protect itself against the consequences of any such interruption.

There were currently VSAT networks belonging to seven independent private operators in the country, operating jointly about 1,000 VSAT terminals.

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3. The appointment of a consortium leader is without prejudice to the joint and several liability of the remaining members of the consortium to the Government for the execution and operation of the project.

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The project company will normally establish some form of control mechanism over the operation of the facility (e.g. audit rights and cost review) so as to ensure that the operating costs are kept as much as possible within original estimates.

Privately financed infrastructure projects involve a variety of risks pertaining to the construction and operational phases of the project and which may well exceed the capacity of the project company, the host Government, the lenders or the contractors, to absorb.

During that phase the project company undertakes to operate and maintain the infrastructure facility and to collect revenue from the users.

Therefore, it will be important for the project company to ensure that supplies and power needed for the operation of the facility will be constantly available.

Provision under the heading commercial freight and cartage , therefore, reflects recurrent costs not covered elsewhere for the miscellaneous shipping, freight forwarding and customs clearance charges at the monthly rate of 15,000 indicated in section A of the present annex.

The duration of the project was calculated in such a way as to enable the operator to recoup the investment and ensure a return in the amount freely set in the project agreement.

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The project company will have the overall responsibility for the project and will establish a number of contractual arrangements with construction contractors, equipment suppliers, the operation and maintenance company and other contractors, as required for the implementation of the project.

He had also proposed that an inter agency business plan should be drawn up to that end.

The Swedish Space Corporation is responsible for the technical execution of the projects as well as for the operation of Esrange.

Finally, in a typical build operate transfer project, the host Government becomes the ultimate owner of the facility.

The Swedish Space Corporation is responsible for the technical execution of the projects as well as for the operation of Esrange.

OIOS recommended that UNEP should take steps to enable the commissioning of the Mercure project as a whole without further delay.

Such minimum investment may be complemented by provisions requiring the project sponsors to submit proof of adequate capability to sustain the financing requirements for the engineering, construction and operational phases of the project.

18. Support account for peacekeeping operations

Commercial freight and cartage.

11. Election related supplies and services

After completion of the construction works, and upon authorization by the host Government for the operation of the facility, begins the longest phase of the project.

Article is based on a note by the Secretariat on build operate transfer projects (A CN.9 414) of 3 March 1995.

It started to become hard to raise operational costs, operational budgets.

Item 4. Operational procedures