Several vehicles for offsetting GHG emissions exist such as purchasing emission credits from stand alone projects, from a carbon fund, or from an emission trading scheme.

Carbon dioxide emission, metric ton per capita.

For example, Point Carbon (emission trading market) quotes the price of carbon as the European Union Allowance (EUA), which changes daily, and the World Bank (carbon fund) indicates USD 3 5 tCO2 for the Prototype Carbon Fund and EUR 5 6 tCO2 for the Netherlands Clean Development Facility.

Policy mechanisms, such as carbon trading markets, should also be expanded.

Emission levels achieved before the start of any trading system established under this Protocol cannot be used as the basis for emissions trading

(a) Emission levels achieved before the start of any trading system established under this Protocol can not be used as the basis for emissions trading

The Kyoto Protocol has generated new markets for trading carbon emissions, such as the European Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). At current carbon prices, the value of carbon sequestration by tropical rainforests likely equals or exceeds the current level of international aid being provided to developing countries.

Trading, banking and borrowing are seen as providing flexibility to emission sources in meeting their compliance obligations.

On a population of nine billion our average carbon emission will have to be about two tons per year.

In a related development, the European Union Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading Scheme goes into effect on 1 January 2005.

However, the Protocol also recognizes innovative economic instruments, including emission credits and emission trading, as means to achieve emission limitations, and contains the seeds of new markets in emissions that will take a place alongside traditional markets in commodities and financial instruments.

Therefore, there might be a need to apply adjustments to individual components (e.g. emission factors, inventory parameters or activity data) as well as to estimates of carbon stock changes from individual carbon pools.

Therefore, there might be a need to apply adjustments to individual components (e.g. emission factors, inventory parameters or activity data) as well as to estimates of carbon stock changes from individual carbon pools.

He also noted the call made for international cooperation on reforms such as carbon taxes and auctioning of internationally tradable emission permits.

Well, you see the nice story of getting richer and getting healthier everyone did it at the cost of emission of carbon dioxide.

(e) Any tonnes of carbon equivalent emissions allowed that are transferred to another Party under Article 6 (international emissions trading).

The US auto industry should be re tooled for low carbon emission automobiles, either plug in hybrids or pure battery operated vehicles. Either technology will depend on a national electricity grid that uses low emission forms of power generation, such as wind, solar, nuclear, or coal fired plants that capture and store the carbon dioxide emissions.

(a) Denial of the opportunity to sell tonnes of carbon equivalent emissions allowed through international emissions trading and or joint implementation and

The paid use and trading of Air Pollutant Emission Permits cover the city's key industrial enterprises for the production and supply of electricity and heat.

A system of border taxes imposed on imports from countries where firms do not have to pay appropriately for carbon emissions would level the playing field and provide economic and political incentives for countries to adopt a carbon tax or emission caps.

The review team was given information on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission scenarios that have been subsequently developed by Tallinn Technical University the model is not disaggregated by sector.

Information on emission reduction units, certified emission reductions, temporary certified emission reductions, long term certified emission reductions, assigned amount units and removal units

1 Emission reduction units, certified emission reductions, including temporary certified emission reductions and long term certified emission reductions, assigned amount units and removal units.

aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their commitments, expressed in terms of emission budgets, inscribed in Attachment 1.

Emission

A similar initiative is currently in progress as part of a joint project between Peru and Ecuador, with the aim of mobilizing funding through carbon trading.

The evolving experiences with carbon finance and emissions trading also show promising results that can provide strong incentives for renewable energy and energy efficiency market development.

Top down methods use average carbon emission factors per passenger kilometre calculated from historical data for large numbers of flights (e.g., at world level or by a global airline company).

A Party participating in emissions trading may not transfer, in a given budget period, any of its emissions allowed if it has exceeded its emission budget for that period.

Campaigners for carbon emission reductions regularly highlight the melting snow and ice of Mount Kilimanjaro. But we need to pay as much attention to the people living in the mountain s shadow.

As more countries and companies introduce carbon pricing, the internal accounting cost of carbon emissions will rise, investments in fossil fuels will become less attractive, and investments in low carbon energy systems will become more appealing. The market signals of CO2 taxation (or the cost of CO2 emission permits) will help investors and money managers steer clear of new fossil fuel investments.

1 Assigned amount units (AAUs), emission reduction units (ERUs), removal units (RMUs), certified emission reductions (CERs), including temporary certified emission reductions (tCERs) and long term certified emission reductions (lCERs).

The consequences of the failure are already apparent the price of emission rights in the European Union Emission Trading System has fallen, which means that firms will have less incentive to reduce emissions now and less incentive to invest in innovations that will reduce emissions in the future.

CCS technology captures carbon dioxide at the source of its emission, compresses it, and stores it permanently underground. In doing so, it provides an important bridge between our modern economy, which relies heavily on carbon intensive fossil fuels, and a future in which CO 2 emissions are greatly reduced.

First, a carbon price in the range of 20 25 per ton of CO2 by 2020 is key to mobilizing climate finance at this level. Carbon prices expand the potential for both public and private financing by raising public revenue and creating private sector demand for emission reductions.

Innovative financial mechanisms such as the International Finance Facility, carbon off setting, emissions trading, international taxation and the potential of debt for nature swaps should be further explored.

But carbon dioxide is carbon dioxide.

Various catastrophe bonds, covering earthquakes and other disasters, and weather derivatives have begun trading on financial markets in recent years. The Kyoto Protocol created a mechanism for trading carbon dioxide emissions, which promises to manage the risks of an even bigger potential disaster global warming.

Bickel and Lane offer compelling evidence that a tiny investment in climate engineering might be able to reduce as much of global warming s effects as trillions of dollars spent on carbon emission reductions.

This would in particular accommodate the need of European Union Member States to surrender certified emission reductions (CERs) from CDM projects under the European Union emissions trading scheme by 30 April 2007.

Fugitive Fuel Emission

Only a few proposals have addressed this problem realistically.UNCTAD, quot Legal issues presented by a pilot international greenhouse gas trading system among countries with binding emission targets under the UNFCCC quot , Geneva, 1996.

You would have a fluorine, carbon, carbon, chlorine.

Introduction of carbon free or low carbon energy

Another initiative worth watching is the Hong Kong stock exchange s exploratory project to offer a trading platform for emissions derivatives, which will most likely include conventional pollutants as well as carbon. The exchange will undertake a study this summer, with trading to begin as early as 2008.