Capital Market Commission's Committee on Corporate Governance in Greece (1999). Principles on Corporate Governance in Greece Recommendations for Its Competitive Transformation (Mertzanis Report).

The group agreed that rules and procedures governing the acquisition of corporate control in the capital markets and extraordinary transactions such as mergers and sales of substantial portions of corporate assets should be disclosed.

OIOS is of the view that UN Habitat has not adequately defined its corporate role in raising domestic capital for the Facility.

That is not true of India, where exports are still mainly skill and capital intensive. Economic reform clearly has made the Indian corporate sector more vibrant and competitive, but most of the Indian economy is not in the corporate sector (public or private).

A recent study found that taxing capital gains and dividends as ordinary income, subject to a maximum 28 rate on long term capital gains (the pre 1997 rate), could finance a cut in the corporate tax rate from 35 to 26 . Such a change would reduce corporations incentives to move investments abroad or shift profits to low tax jurisdictions, while increasing the progressivity of tax outcomes by shifting more of the burden of corporate taxation from labor to capital owners.

Article 8 An enterprise shall perform such a financial management system as being clear in capital ownership, unambiguous in financial relationship and complying with the requirements of corporate governance structure.

Here, UN programmes such as UNDP could act as catalysts for integrating aid, as a form of seed capital, into the enhancement and facilitation of positive corporate contributions to development.

Grundsatzkommission Corporate Governance (German Panel for Corporate Governance) (2000). Corporate Governance Rules for German Quoted Companies.

According to conventional wisdom, the corporate tax burden is borne principally by the owners of capital in the form of lower returns. But, as capital becomes more mobile, relatively immobile workers are bearing more of the burden in the form of lower wages and fewer job opportunities.

Indeed, Argentina s sovereign default happened almost simultaneously with the demise of the currency board, but corporate renegotiations were a protracted affair. Eventually, most companies avoided bankruptcy, mainly owing to the fourth ingredient in Argentina s exit toolkit capital controls that provided the legal umbrella to stop external corporate debt servicing.

Statement on Global Corporate Governance Principles. International Corporate Governance Network.

Noting the growing realization that reorganization regimes are critical to corporate and economic recovery, the development of entrepreneurial activity, the preservation of employment and the availability of finance in the capital market,

The notable exceptions to this trend are countries that manage cross border capital flows, especially the corporate sector s exposure to foreign currency debt. Indeed, certain types of capital flow management including limiting domestic debt denominated in foreign currency for both firms and households have been shown to increase resilience.

But a rate cut would be costly in terms of foregone revenues each percentage point would reduce corporate tax revenues by about 100 billion over the next decade. Moreover, recent studies indicate that a significant share of the corporate tax burden falls on capital, so a reduction in corporate taxes would weaken the progressivity of the tax system at a time when income inequality is at an all time high.

Revised Statement on Global Corporate Governance Principles. International Corporate Governance Network.

Finance Committee on Corporate Governance (2000). Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance.

Host regulators are increasingly nervous about banks that operate in their jurisdictions through branches of their corporate parent, without local capital or a local board of directors. So they are insisting on subsidiarization.

The simple truth is that corporations represent capital, and capital in the form of factories, equipment, machines, money, and even houses has been the single biggest winner in the modern era of globalization. Corporate profits are bursting at the seams of investors expectations in virtually every corner of the world.

Corporate Governance Committee (2004). The Belgian Code on Corporate Governance ('Lippens Code')

Committee on Corporate Governance (1999). Code of Best Practice for Corporate Governance.

Corporate strategy

Corporate responsibility

Corporate leaders realized that economic incentives accrued from being a good corporate citizen.

Puerto Rico s current troubles trace their origin to the gradual withdrawal, starting in 1996, of earlier exemptions from US corporate taxes for companies located on the island. Capital intensive companies, especially pharmaceutical firms, began leaving.

Committee on Corporate Governance (1997). Corporate Governance in the Netherlands Forty Recommendations (Peters Code).

European Corporate Governance Institute. (In particular, see index of corporate governance codes by country.

Corporate specific reasons.

Third, the corporate sector faces a glut of capacity, and a weak recovery of profitability is likely if growth is anemic and deflationary pressures still persist. As a result, businesses are not likely to increase capital spending.

Government Commission on the German Corporate Governance Code (2005). The German Corporate Governance Code ('Cromme Code')

JPK Working Group I on Corporate Governance in Malaysia (2000). Report on Corporate Governance in Malaysia.

The Secret Corporate Takeover

The Corporate Tax Conundrum

Whose Corporate Social Responsibility?

Operationalizing the corporate strategy

Corporate and income tax

But, because publicly traded companies usually have a large amount of capital in place, lax rules would enable insiders to use this capital to their advantage. As a result, insiders benefit from, and prefer to have, rules concerning corporate governance and investor protection that are more lax than those that are in the interest of shareholders and society.

With 20 20 hindsight, it is clear that in 1997 98, weak bank regulation and corporate governance aggravated the depth of the economic contraction that followed the sudden stop of capital flows. But what exactly does this imply for how middle and low income countries today should set their capital account policies amid the current flood?

In the ensuing discussion, questions were raised regarding the precise definitions of general terms such as corporate responsibility , corporate social responsibility and positive corporate contribution , and regarding the notion of a corporate responsibility for development, as well as UNCTAD's mandate in this regard.

Obama would raise the top marginal tax rates on wages, capital gains, dividends, interest, and estates, especially on higher income individuals and small businesses. Yet he has never proposed comprehensive reform of either the personal or corporate income tax.

Instituto Brasileiro de Governança Corporativa (Brazilian Institute of Corporate Governance) (2001). Code of Best Practice of Corporate Governance.

General Motors Board of Directors (2000). GM Board of Directors Corporate Governance Guidelines on Significant Corporate Governance Issues.

Corporate strategy Vision 2006 2007

What Corporate Tax for Europe?

Expert Meeting on Positive Corporate

Commonwealth Association of Corporate Governance.