Efforts have been intensified in several regions for reducing the use of institutional care.

He was discharged at the end of November 2003 and referred to non institutional care.

In some regions, both Governments and families still consider institutional care an appropriate response to poverty.

Institutional care tends to attract financial support, and this presents risks to children, especially where regulatory policies are weak.

Since that also involved health care issues, there was a need for joint institutional mechanisms to implement such provisions.

The Committee notes with concern that many children in institutional care have parents and are deprived of their family environment.

One study suggests that a family support service costs 10 percent of an institutional placement, whilst good quality foster care costs usually about 30 percent.

It promotes non institutional social care, especially at the local level, in order to make the network of services more accessible to a larger number of older persons.

Social and fiscal policies could be used to promote filial responsibility for taking care of the elderly, along with public provision of institutional elder care, while creating an environment conducive to the provision of such services by the private sector and not for profit organizations.

The findings showed that 32 Member States expressed concern regarding population ageing 10 Member States provided social security or pension schemes to older persons and institutional care was provided in 15 countries.

Institutional framework

Institutional arrangements

Institutional reinforcement.

Institutional structure

Institutional mechanisms

Institutional arrangements

The practice of encouraging parents to sign documents by which they agree to give up their children when placing the latter under institutional care, although not widespread, is a matter of concern to the Committee.

These positive results are attributable partly to the work done under the Child Survival project of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare (MSPAS) and partly to the institutional implementation of health care programmes.

Third, institutional design.

Brazil s Institutional Limbo

Main institutional support

Institutional capacity development

In the United States, where markets, the judiciary, and regulation are highly developed, the imperative is not institutional reform, but policy reform addressing the weak fiscal position, income and wealth inequities, unemployment, health care, and deteriorating physical infrastructure.

Institutional and legal framework

Main institutional support 16

Legal and institutional framework

Strengthening the institutional framework.

On the institutional front

The UNDP institutional context

Strengthen the institutional framework

Institutions and institutional processes

Institutions and institutional processes

Institutional and human capacity

Research suggests that low quality institutional care is unlikely to promote healthy physical and psychological development and can have serious negative consequences for long term social adjustment, especially for children under 3 but also for children under 5 years old.

SS That's an institutional requirement.

You lose the institutional imperative.

Legal, policy and institutional framework.

Institutional responses to relevant issues

(c) Institutional liaison and coordination.

C. Institutional liaison and coordination

Institutional context and operating environment

5.1.2 Policy and institutional strengthening

Institutional clarity is sorely needed.

And if you don't care, why should I care?'

CAMBRIDGE China s economic policymakers want to shift the country s production away from exports and heavy industry, and to increase the share of consumption in GDP. A relatively simple institutional change to encourage health care insurance could do much to promote the latter goal.