International trade and financial markets

It was the liberalization of international financial markets.

The liberalization of financial markets has made it easier for larger SMEs to gain access to international capital markets.

26. Countries are also being assisted in obtaining access to international financial markets.

Reinventing Europe s Financial Markets

37. Financial integration, through loans on the financial markets, foreign investment and loans from international financial institutions, was proving more complex and less rapid.

And, yes, financial markets require close supervision and regulation. But what is true of financial markets need not be true of other markets.

Fraud, Fools, and Financial Markets

When Financial Markets Misread Politics

Domestic financial markets and institutions

Such a mechanism should be able to monitor and ensure surveillance of capital markets and international financial operations.

IV. Enhancing prudential oversight of financial markets

7. Recognizes the progress made in improving risk management and transparency in international financial markets, such as the International Monetary Fund apos s improved surveillance capacities, standards for the provision of economic and financial information to markets and the creation of an emergency financing mechanism

The recent crisis in financial markets in South East Asia and Eastern Europe, which have in turn threatened the stability of the financial markets of emerging economies, are a disturbing feature of today apos s international scene.

There is therefore a need for the microcredit providers to access private funds and tap into international financial markets.

Opening international markets

We create financial markets that are super complex.

Will Banks and Financial Markets Recover in 2009?

9. International financial markets move large amounts of funds on the basis of information about the future which is inherently uncertain.

Financial and Development Issues in Emerging Markets, in November.

13. The process of financial innovation and deregulation and liberalization of financial markets throughout the world had led to more integrated and globalized capital markets.

On international financial markets, the war in Georgia has rendered Russian debt and bonds toxic. Interest rates on Russia s bonds have risen by 2 3 percentage points, and many Russian creditors no longer have access to international capital markets.

21. The UNCTAD initiated private BIL fund, investing in microfinance, has demonstrated to the international financial markets that the poor are bankable.

Use of international capital markets

Panel discussion on financial and development issues in emerging markets

They also influence private financial markets to support technology transfer.

Yes, financial markets in troubled countries for example, Russia s currency, equity, and bond markets have been negatively affected. But the more generalized contagion to global financial markets that geopolitical tensions typically engender has failed to materialize.

16. The new challenges posed by the growth and liberalization of financial markets called for a parallel development of international financial institutions capable of acting as overseers and, if and when appropriate, as regulators of international flows.

Additional policy initiatives are needed to redress the weaknesses in the investment situation in developing countries, including better access to international financial markets.

However, markets had shown a tendency towards major fluctuations, which posed new and difficult challenges for financial authorities and for the international community.

A domestically applied and internationally coordinated levy on international financial transactions This levy should be constructed in a way that does not impede on the efficiency and liquidity of financial markets.

In addition, international financial markets perceive Colombia s economy as being fundamentally sound. The current risk premium for government borrowing in international markets is very similar to that paid by Peru and Brazil, and much less than that demanded of Argentina, Venezuela, and Ecuador.

African countries must restructure their domestic financial sectors and develop capital markets and non bank financial institutions.

Access to financial services and the depth of financial markets have been associated with growth and development.

For countries seeking re entry into international financial markets after the debt crisis, higher real interest rates and a stable exchange rate were prerequisites.

1. A number of developing countries, mainly in Asia and Latin America, became increasingly successful in the early 1990s in accessing international financial markets.

BRUSSELS The purpose of the euro was to create fully integrated financial markets but, since the start of the global financial crisis in 2008, markets have been renationalizing. So the future of the eurozone depends crucially on whether that trend continues or Europe s financial markets become fully integrated.

There has been a longstanding discussion about whether new derivative markets, which provide such financial hedging, tend to increase preexisting financial markets volatility. The consensus is that they do not.

None of this is to say that the international financial realities a country faces are necessarily always reasonable. Sometimes global financial markets eagerness to lend results in unreasonable booms, followed by abrupt reversals.

Global financial integration and imbalances in financial and money markets had adversely affected many countries, particularly emerging market economies.

However, many of the liberalized provisions such as liberal access to overseas financial markets and international securities markets did not help SMEs to engage in OFDI, as many of them did not have the capability to do so.

The size of these enterprises is an additional constraint on their ability to self finance their development, including their limited capabilities for tapping international financial markets.

They should also mitigate the impact of the excessive volatility of financial markets.

Recommendations were also made on several issues concerning financial instruments, relating to new developments in financial markets and instruments, namely

Moreover, money laundering distorts financial markets, discouraging foreign direct investment as a result of the damaged integrity of financial institutions.