Even more fundamental arithmetic lies at the core of the debt quandary. The tax rate required to fund social welfare benefits depends on three factors the dependency ratio (the ratio of recipients to taxpayers) the replacement rate (the ratio of benefits to average wages) and the economic growth rate (roughly, productivity plus population growth).

Registered unemployment rate among women, employment rate among women (as a part of total female population), economically active women rate, women's participation in executive authority, and ratio between men and women aged over 15 in literacy.

The US unemployment rate may seem to hint at the risk of rising inflation, but the employment to population ratio continues to signal an economy in deep distress. Indeed, wage patterns suggest that this ratio, not the unemployment rate, is the better indicator of slack in the economy and nobody ten years ago would have interpreted today s employment to population ratio as a justification for monetary tightening.

After the Middle East, Africa has the second highest ratio of unemployment with an estimated rate of 10.4 per cent unemployed.

Among those in the 20 24 age group, the difference between the reported unemployment rate and the percentage of youth without a job and looking for one (the unemployment ratio) is less stark. But, even among this age group, one finds that the unemployment ratio is often about one half of the widely reported unemployment rate.

To be sure, a youth unemployment ratio of 13 or 19 is not grounds for complacency. But, while the eurozone s youth unemployment rate has increased since 2009, its ratio has remained the same (though both significantly exceed pre 2008 levels).

Although men outnumber women in the capital city, the female enrolment rate is higher than the rate for males in the rest of the country, where the ratio rose from 0.81 in 2000 to 1.03 in 2005.

The tax rate necessary to fund social spending must equal the ratio of the number of people receiving benefits to the number of taxpayers (the dependency ratio), multiplied by the average benefit relative to the income being taxed (the replacement rate). It was this math that led Mario Draghi, the president of the European Central Bank, to declare that, The European social model has already gone.

Finally, as Gyourko, Mayer, and Sinai themselves note, even these small long term differences in home price across cities have tended to be offset by lower rent price ratios in the superstar cities. For an investor, the rate of return is the sum of the rate of appreciation and the rent price ratio, so the low rent price ratio reduces the advantage of faster appreciation.

On June 27, the People s Bank of China lowered the reserve requirement ratio and the benchmark interest rate. But the Shanghai Composite Index kept falling, reaching 4,200 on July 1.

Labor market experts thus consider the unemployment rate a potentially misleading indicator, because a youth unemployment rate of 50 does not mean that half of the young population is unemployed. That is why one should look at the unemployment ratio the percentage of the unemployed in the reference population rather than at the unemployment rate.

Preserve Aspect Ratio

Maintain aspect ratio

Maternal mortality ratio

Rural urban population ratio

Article 25 The Company shall present the data of the previous period, that of the current period and the percentage increase or decrease of the following business performance indicators rate of return on net assets, rate of return on total assets and business expense ratio in tabular form.

Article 76 The Company shall present the data of the previous period in tabular form, that of the current period and the percentage increase or decrease of the following business performance indicators rate of return on net assets, rate of return on total assets and business expense ratio.

Some countries face the growing risk of near perpetual belt tightening, which would further dampen growth and thus keep debt ratios high. After all, if a country s debt GDP ratio is to decline without austerity, the interest rate that it pays on its debt must be lower than its GDP growth rate.

The sex ratio decreases with age.

Article 24 The Company shall present the ending balance, beginning balance and percentage increase or decrease of the following financial status indicators asset liability ratio, net asset liability ratio and liquidity ratio in tabular form.

However, while the maternal mortality ratio has shown a strong downward trend, from 160 per 100,000 live births in 2000 to 99 in 2004, the rate of decline is not yet sufficient to achieve the relevant Goal.

Article 75 The Company shall present the ending balance, beginning balance (prior year) and percentage increase or decrease of the following financial status indicators in tabular form asset liability ratio, net asset liability ratio and liquidity ratio.

Their ratio tells us the water temperature.

Table 4.2 Ratio of pupils by gender ( )

Nationwide, the male female ratio is 0.92.

Also requests the Secretary General to ensure that in all missions the actual ratio of heavy medium vehicles is not greater than the established standard ratio of 1 1 and to justify any departure from this standard ratio

Also requests the Secretary General to ensure that in all missions the actual ratio of heavy medium vehicles is not greater than the established standard ratio of 1 1 and to justify any departure from this standard ratio

At the same time, Greece would ensure that these reforms do not hurt the poorest by introducing active labor market policies (such as subsidies to train and hire the long term unemployed). Furthermore, Greece would commit itself to an automatically implemented fiscal plan, specifying the long run ratio of national debt to GDP, the convergence rate to this ratio, and the degree of fiscal counter cyclicality.

c UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Education Sector, Excel File Primary_Secondary_WGE_9802, Worksheets Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER), April 2005 and Net Enrolment Ratio (NER), April 2005 .

α Source UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Education Sector, Excel File Primary_Secondary_WGE_9802, Worksheets Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER), avr 05 Net Enrolment Ratio (NER), avr 05

Furthermore, the high reserve ratio and forced purchase of central bank bills squeezes commercial banks profits severely a phenomenon that will be intensified by interest rate liberalization. The quest for yield on available funds will drive banks to make riskier investments.

Dopamine, I think, changes our signal to noise ratio.

That, in turn, indicates a high demographic dependency ratio.

Moreover, due to hasty and poorly supervised implementation, waste in infrastructure construction can be serious. With an investment rate of 50 and a GDP growth rate of 8 , the incremental capital output ratio could be higher than six, compared to 4.1 in 1991 2003, implying not only low efficiency, but also the possibility of a significant increase in nonperforming loans.

For Greece, with an overall deficit of 4.1 of GDP and a debt GDP ratio of 170 , the debt ratio would fall if the combination of inflation and real (inflation adjusted) GDP growth exceeded 2.4 . Stated differently, now that Greece has achieved a zero primary budget deficit, its debt burden will decline if its nominal growth rate exceeds the average interest that it pays on its government debt.

Expansionary monetary policy the second of three so called arrows of Abenomics, after fiscal stimulus has brought down the unemployment rate to just 3.8 . The ratio of job openings to applicants has exceeded parity, and the GDP deflator narrowed to close to zero.

In 2001, the average maternal mortality ratio was 121 per 100,000 live births, but in the regions with the worst results, the ratio was over 300 per 100,000.

This model relates the distribution of major ecosystems ( life zones ) to the climate variables of biotemperature, mean precipitation, and the ratio of potential evapotranspiration to precipitation (PET ratio).

Okay, I'm getting to the punch. Golden Ratio, it's crazy.

Table 6.2 Ratio of female and male participation in leadership ( )

The ratio of savings to gross domestic product has risen.

The male female ratio differs considerably between the various sectors.

Article 54Where an enterprise adopts the method of future cash flow capitalization to determine the fair value of a financial instrument, it shall use the market returns ratio of other financial instruments with essentially the same contractual stipulations and features as the rate of capitalization.

When the ratio is lower than the stipulated minimum guarantee maintenance ratio, the securities firm shall notify the customer to make up the difference within a certain time period.

Another important instrument for sterilization is the reserve requirement ratio, which, when raised, locks a large amount of liquidity in the banking system. The ratio, which the PBOC has changed 42 times since 1998, currently stands at 20 double the ratio for large banks in the United States.