116. The role of active labour market policies.

We have liberalized our economy and have adopted free market policies.

New approaches to small scale enterprises were part of market oriented policies.

Unfortunately, many of us in this room are supporters of capitalist policies and market forces.

Such policies contributed to improving developing countries' competitiveness in the global market and sustainable development.

The mismatch between labour market demand and supply is partly a result of educational policies.

Such policies contributed to improving developing countries' competitiveness in the global market and sustainable development.

These policies include firm level intervention, industrial and sectoral policies, interventions in the market, such as competition policy and trade policy, and above all macro policies, whether autonomous or through SAPs.

Labour market policies at present are not aimed at securing full employment, but rather at promoting active measures on the part of the labour market.

In protecting market efficiency and consumer interests, competition and innovation policies could play a key role.

However, domestic capital market development requires wide ranging reform and achieving coherence between the policies is not easy.

3. Training policies and programmes for the new skills required for women apos s entry into the labour market

For some, this role has diminished drastically and market forces have tended to overshadow the effectiveness of national policies.

Increasingly now the policies of taxation and infrastructure and all that, are moving towards creating India as a single market.

An increasing number of Governments10 took steps to mainstream gender perspectives into economic policies and programmes, including in the labour market.

A range of government policies influences the behaviour of firms directly or through the market, institutions, infrastructure and inter firm relations.

Recent experience had shown that even countries with sound macroeconomic policies were subject to the vagaries of the international capital market.

Key factors affecting the latter are low rates of inflation, sound fiscal management, structural policies, market reforms and the regulatory environment.

In addition to Suzhou, other second tier cities including Hefei and Nanjing will also introduce the property market regulation and control policies.

Authorities must also consider objective factors that correspond to objectives of the overall labour market, equal opportunities and social and employment policies.

Technology, Market Structure and Internationalization Issues and Policies for Developing Countries, by Nagesh Kumar and N. S. Siddharthan, Routledge and UNU Press

Given the level of job mobility and dislocation inherent in today's dynamic labour market, active labour market policies are essential to fostering the smooth reallocation of labour from declining industries to new and emerging ones.

OFDI in Africa is indirectly supported by policies and by regional integration, one example being the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa.

Government policies and multilateral financing mechanisms that are guided solely by market oriented principles will not ensure the realization of this broader vision.

The with measures scenario captures some of the effects of energy market reforms, implemented greenhouse gas mitigation policies, and changes in consumer behaviour.

Three books were also produced, one of which, Technology, Market Structure and Internationalization Issues and Policies for Developing Countries, was published in October.

The two biggest problems are agricultural policies in rich countries huge subsides and the access of poor countries to international markets unfair market tariffs.

Market deregulation and trade liberalization policies facilitate foreign direct investment (FDI) and have a major impact on accelerating structural changes and concentration of industry.

Without the use of these active labour market policies the number of unemployed persons and thus also the unemployment rate would be markedly higher.

In 1994, about DM 52,800 million was spent on active labour market policies in 1995, about DM 51,000 million was earmarked for this purpose.

Governments in Africa are becoming increasingly democratic and responsive, putting more emphasis on economic development, greater openness, market oriented policies and greater economic reform.

Besides the general policies pursued by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, which include policies on ethnic minorities, specific measures are needed to increase the participation of ethnic minority women (and men) in the labour market.

Both the Cayman Islands and Bermuda participated in a conference, which was a major event on policies and implementation of programmes concerning labour market information.

However, some commitments in future international investment agreements on market access could send a positive signal regarding the seriousness of countries apos policies on liberalization.

30. The TRAINFORTRADE activities in Africa are centred on trade with the European single market countries, commodities trading (including risk management) and national trade policies.

Countries that pursued strong, progressive trade liberalization, in the context of general economic reforms and market oriented policies, would achieve growth and increased trade performance.

Tunisia is convinced that youth employment policies should not be confined to intervention in the labour market, but include social, educational and fiscal dimensions as well.

By comparison, in market economies, competition policies appeared to be the most efficient way of preventing the welfare losses that occured in an imperfectly competitive environment.

The point was also made that market conditions, such as supply of medical doctors, accounted for the success or failure of policies undertaken in certain countries.

It is far too early to judge the strength of internal forces promoting liberal economic policies. The need for economic growth could intrinsically push policymakers toward market oriented economic policies (sensitive to considerations of social justice ) and an open investment environment.

In an effort to increase the economic autonomy of women, instruments that strengthen policies to ensure equality of opportunity and rights in the labor market were created.

However, in defending its market, a country also had to defend its sovereignty and its space to apply appropriate policies in the context of national development strategies.

The countries best placed to benefit from globalization were those adapting to change and transforming their policies and structures to support more market based outward oriented growth.

China s success since it began its transition to a market economy has been based on adaptable strategies and policies as each set of problems are solved, new problems arise, for which new policies and strategies must be devised. This process includes social innovation .

We viewed our job as describing how market economies work, when they fail, and how well designed policies can enhance efficiency. We analyzed trade offs between competing objectives (say, equity versus efficiency), and prescribed policies to meet desired economic outcomes, including redistribution.