Article 57The financial liabilities refers to the following liabilities of an enterprise

The termination of recognition shall refer to the writing off the financial asset or financial liability from the account or balance sheet of the enterprise concerned.

At the same time, an enterprise should not be precluded from recognizing an environmental liability simply because its management, at a later date, may not be able to meet the commitment.

(4) where the fund is a reloan of the government or a refundable subsidy, it shall be dealt with as a liability of the enterprise.

Article 27Where an enterprise (debtor) enters into an agreement with a creditor so as to substitute the existing financial liabilities by way of any new financial liability, and if the contractual stipulations regarding the new financial liability is substantially different from that regarding the existing financial liability, it shall terminate the recognition of the existing financial liability, and shall at the same time recognize the new financial liability.

22. An environmental liability should be recognized when there is an obligation on the part of the enterprise to incur an environmental cost.

Where an enterprise makes substantial revisions to some or all of the contractual stipulations of the existing financial liability, it shall terminated the recognition of the existing financial liability or part of it, and at the same time recognize the financial liability after revising the contractual stipulations as a new financial liability.

In enterprise debt, IMF's report suggests that comprehensive measures can be taken to address enterprise debt issues.

32. In most cases, an enterprise will remain primarily liable for the whole of the environmental liability in question such that, if the third party fails to pay for any reason, the entity would have to meet the full cost.

(1)In the active market, the quoted prices of an enterprise for the financial assets it holds or the financial liabilities it plans to assume shall be the present actual offer, while the quoted prices of an enterprise for the financial assets it plans to acquire or the financial liabilities it has assumed shall be the available charge.

Article 30The financial assets and financial liabilities initially recognized by an enterprise shall be measured at their fair values.

13 Contingencies

Capital, in this context, is simply a synonym for equity, which is on the liability side of a bank s (or anyone s) balance sheet. It refers to how a bank (or other firm) finances its activities, not to how it uses the funds that it has available.

(3)The recombination of debts shall be subject to the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No.

Governments and corporations were equally to blame.

Where an enterprise transfers any of its assets used for repaying its financial liabilities into any institution or to establish a trust, and the prevailing obligations to repay the liabilities remain to exist, it shall not terminate the recognition of the said financial liability and the transferred asset.

Article 24When an enterprise becomes a party to a financial instrument, it shall recognize a financial asset or financial liability.

In case an enterprise merges another insolvent enterprise through assuming the liabilities of the latter, the merging party shall set down measures for restructuring, undertake the responsibility of repaying the debts and integrate the financial resources according to the merging plan.

The custody enterprise shall set down related schemes according to the agreement concerning custody, and reorganize the assets and liabilities of the custodian enterprise.

The Government has drawn up draft laws on reducing the tax burden on the labour remuneration fund, introducing a single land tax, tax stimulation for small businesses and restructuring the debts of industrial enterprises.

Minimizing negative effects of business restructuring

Article 63 An enterprise shall set up a financial pre alarm mechanism, define the alerting standards of financial crises by itself pay more attention to monitoring the adaptation between operational net cash flow and due debts and the adaptation between assets and liabilities of the enterprise communicate the information on the pre alarm of financial crisis in time, and put forward the corresponding solution measures and schemes.

Article 29Where an enterprise buys back part of its financial liabilities, it shall distribute, on the repo day, the carrying amount of the whole financial liabilities in light of the comparatively fair value of the part that continues to be recognized and the part whose recognition has already been terminated.

Poor s found that, a year later, these firms total debt amounted to 14.2 trillion, eclipsing the 13.1 trillion of outstanding debt in the United States and making China the world s largest issuer of corporate debt.

Where an insolvency law promotes the use of insolvency proceedings that permit the insolvent business to continue trading, whether reorganization or sale of the business in liquidation as a going concern, it is essential that the issue of new funding is addressed and limitations such as those discussed above are considered.

Second, by providing the debtor with temporary protection from its creditors and access to interim finance, bankruptcy procedures enable an enterprise whose intrinsic value exceeds its break up value to continue to operate.

For example, the Republic of Korea has undertaken measures to encourage the issuance of bonds by SMEs.10 One objective of the Asian bond market initiative11 is to increase bond financing options for smaller companies in Asia.

Article 2The term financial instruments refers to the contracts under which the financial assets of an enterprise are formed and the financial liability or right instruments of any other entity are formed.

Where there is any change, it shall be dealt with according to the present Standards.

Article 33An enterprise shall make subsequent measurement on its financial liabilities on the basis of the post amortization costs by adopting the actual interest rate method, with the exception of those under the following circumstances

Article 58The equity instruments refers to the contracts which can prove that a certain enterprise holds the surplus equities of the assets after the deduction of all the debts.

Where the business of the debtor continues to operate after commencement of insolvency proceedings, either incidental to an attempted reorganization or to preserve value by sale as a going concern, the expenses incurred in the operation of the business are typically entitled, under a number of insolvency laws, to be paid as administrative expenses.

Finally, the negative impact of trade liberalization as been felt more severely by SMEs than by larger firms.

Moreover, China now holds a massive volume of overseas assets and liabilities its non financial corporations have borrowed as much as 1 trillion abroad. As devaluation causes businesses debt burdens to grow in renminbi terms, the risk of non performing loans and bankruptcies rises.

However, to trace these adequately requires more information, and on a more timely basis, on aggregated domestic stocks as well as flows (for example, levels of debt in corporate as well as banking sectors, private liquidity ratios and debt equity ratios, as well as borrowing flows).

Between spouses in married couples of farmers, the person who is responsible for the administration of the agricultural enterprise is the beneficiary.

(39) As regards the non adjusting events after the balance sheet date, it is required to, according to the provisions of the Accounting Standards for Enterprises No.29 Events after the Balance Sheet Date, state the contents of such events and estimate their impacts on the financial status and business performance of the Company, and, in case it is unable to make the estimation, it shall specify reasons therefor.

Article 14 An enterprise may accept the capital contribution made by an investor in the form of monetary, real object, intangible assets, stock equity, or specific creditor's right and so on, among which, the specific creditor's right means the convertible bonds issued by the enterprise under law and the creditor's rights that are converted into equity under the related provisions.

At the balance sheet date, all asset and liability balances are revalued using the United Nations official exchange rate as at 31 December.

17.11 Substantive responsibility for the execution of this subprogramme rests with the Women and Development Unit of the Office of the Executive Secretary of the Commission.

(2) organizing the implementation of such financial schemes as fund raising, investment, guarantee, donation, reorganization and profit distribution and so on, fulfilling the obligation of debt repayment of the enterprise faithfully

Article 4 The Ministry of Finance shall be responsible for instituting the rules and regulations on enterprise finance.

Appointments to the petite territoriale (local administration), the diplomatic corps and State owned enterprises.

Liability

Liquid Liabilities