(ii) Public sector wages

Wages in the public and private sector

It should be emphasized that the phenomenon of lower wages in the private sector than in the public sector only concerns manual workers apos wages, for non manual workers being higher in the private sector.

The government is using a variety of instruments, including financial sector credit discipline, to rein in investment demand. Essentially, the government guarantee associated with financing public sector investment is being withdrawn as it should be.

140. The wages and salaries of the public service employees are fixed in autonomous wage negotiations between the public employers of the federal, State and local governments on the one hand and the trade unions of the public service on the other.

The private sector could draw resources away from the public sector.

At the same time, manual workers apos wages in the private sector are much lower than in the public sector.

Success of domestic and public finance institutions hinged upon expertise in long term industrial financing and the avoidance of excessive public sector risks and badly targeted interest rate subsidies.

We have undertaken a series of reforms in the public, financial and monetary sectors.

77. The ratio of wages in the private to those in the public sector in the years 1991 to 1994 are as follows (in )

Public sector

METHOD PUBLIC

Although wages in the public sector are generally higher, they differ according to branch and enterprise.

(a) The public sector

Approximately 60 per cent of public sector salaries are paid to security forces.

Our age is defined by this complementarity. Unless the public sector invests, and invests wisely, the private sector will continue to hoard its funds or return them to shareholders in the forms of dividends or buybacks.

Thailand has learned that financial liberalization requires a high degree of discipline from both the public and private sectors.

31. It was pointed out that the section discussed basic issues of privately financed infrastructure projects, such as private sector participation in public infrastructure and the concept of project finance.

3. States Parties shall consider collecting and exchanging information with respect to registered legal persons and the physical persons involved in their creation, direction and funding, with a view to preventing the penetration of organized crime in the public and legitimate private sector.

In March 1994 the minimum wage was received by 2.5 per cent of people employed in the national economy (of which in the public sector 0.9 per cent and in the private sector 5.1 per cent) and in September 1994, 2.8 per cent of the total number of people employed (of which in the public sector 0.9 per cent and in the private sector 6.7 per cent).

(b) Very limited financial data is available on specific sectors, particularly data on private sector investments, relevant to the Convention.

They can take different forms, but generally combine the deployment of private sector capital and expertise in a way which generates public benefits and receive commensurate public funding.

The public sector remains the dominant employer.

And thirdly, we controlled the haemorrhaging of all our public sector corporations.

Options include international debt financing, domestic tax revenue and user fees, borrowing in domestic capital markets, and public private partnerships for water related investments.

Institution and capacity building were necessary to counter a weak financial sector in the public and semi public sectors, supervision must be strengthened in order to prevent over borrowing or lending to specific sectors in times of rapid economic growth.

These investments were made through the Municipal Development Institute Rural Aqueduct Project Executive Unit (INFOM UNEPAR), the Departmental Development Boards, the Presidential Secretariat for Executive Coordination (SCEP), the Social Investment Fund (FIS), the National Peace Fund (FONAPAZ), the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare (MSPAS), the Women's Unit of the Guatemalan Fund for Indigenous Development (FODIGUA), the private sector and with support from international cooperation.

Private sector as of public sector

UNCDF also expects to collaborate and cooperate with UNDP in resource mobilization and in the areas of South South initiatives, public private sector partnerships in the LDCs, and the involvement of the private sector in local economic development and the building of inclusive financial sectors.

This shortfall, together with a 17 per cent rise in public sector wage costs, left an estimated 160 million financial gap by the fourth quarter of 2004, resulting in a 57 per cent increase in public sector bank borrowing.

The development of standards in and by the public and private sectors is important.

Thus, finance from the formal financial sector becomes a necessity.

142. Information on the income distribution in the public service (number of public service employees broken down by wage and salary categories) is given in the survey (public service personnel position as of 30 June 1992) enclosed as annex 3.

Public sector procurement

Women in the public sector

Total in thous. zlotys Public sector in thous. zlotys

The general wage pattern in this sector is that of a large number of workers earning 10 to 20 per cent more than in enterprises of the same branch in the private sector.

The programme provides measures of co financing for the labour market in the private sector, part of the public sector, except in administration, and co financing in areas with particular need for certain professions.

(b) Public sector management reform

a Per capita in the public sector.

Improving performance in the public sector

76. Average net wages of manual workers in the public sector amounted to 86.1 per cent of white collar workers apos wages in 1993.

(c) Publishing information, which may include periodic reports on the risks of corruption in its public administration.

The PEI Pay Equity Act was proclaimed in 1988 and was limited to public sector employers.

Within the total, official (public sector) flows have languished all the growth has been accounted for by an increase in the private sector component.