The risks arising from the volatility of capital, which were currently assumed, for the most part, by recipient countries, must be more widely shared, especially by investors.

Who will provide capital for the venture?

Venture capital, which is willing to accept higher risks and does not require collateral from borrowers, may be especially suitable in providing finance for small innovative firms in developing countries.

At the same time, however, commercial banks insist on minimizing their exposure to completion, commercial, political or other project risks.

This volume of assets allows the Fund to expand its investment frontier and requires it to build up a risk control mechanism, to control comprehensively not only investment risk but also operational risk and technology risk.

The system will be fed by multiple data sources and will allow the application of suitable risk and performance models for all asset classes, as well as stressing scenarios.

The greater the risk, either the higher the premium that investors require, or if it is deemed unacceptable, tohey seek other destinations for their investment.

Double bottom line ventures invest primarily in SMEs and include development venture capital funds where the public sector helps to cover the risks that might deter private investors while the private partner manages the investments.

This is so because the latter have a higher capacity not only for taking risks but also for self financing and raising funds in capital markets for investment purposes.

The chief will be responsible for risk control of the Fund's investments as a whole in terms of portfolio risk, operational risk and compliance risk, and will plan and perform the oversight of performance measurement, investment risk analysis and operational risk analysis, including risk arising from sub adviser and service provider relationships.

There were significant profit opportunities for financial intermediaries that could find spare risk bearing capacity, carve out securities to take advantage of it, and thus take a middleman s cut from matching risks with investors who could gain from bearing them. But the advent of derivatives concentrated risk rather than dispersing it, for there was even more money to be made by selling risk to people who did not know how to value it or, indeed, what risks they were bearing.

take the lead in large projects.

Venture capital funds could be one mechanism to attract private funds for project financing.

The more broadly diversified our financial portfolios, the more people there are who share in the inevitable risks and the less an individual is affected by any given risk. The theoretical ideal occurs when financial contracts spread the risks all over the world, so that billions of willing investors each own a tiny share, and no one is over exposed.

Moreover, in a risk off environment, when investors are risk averse or when equities and other risky assets are subject to market and or credit uncertainty, it may be better to hold negative yielding bonds than riskier and more volatile assets.

Clearly, the insured risks were a small part of the total risk. Moreover, much of that risk, even if insured, continues to be borne in Japan, rather than being spread effectively to foreign investors, so Japan is still alone in bearing the costs.

And this is because disease eradication, it's still the venture capital of public health.

It seemed to me that, yes, our modern sophisticated financial systems had created enormous macroeconomic risks. But it also seemed to me that a world short of risk bearing capacity needed virtually anything that induced people to commit their money to long term risky investments.

In Africa, small farmers bear the brunt of this risk.

National investment insurance programmes exist in most developed countries to provide coverage for expropriation, war and repatriation risks.

An automated solution will be implemented to achieve effective monitoring of investment performance and risks undertaken and the prompt identification of the Fund's investment income and assets.

For the project sponsors it is important to have a return on their investment commensurate with the amount of risk they assume.

I'm not risking anything.

If you're thinking about people taking too much risk and not understanding how much risk they're taking or taking too little risk, we need to think about that.

The Chief of the Risk and Compliance Section will develop a comprehensive risk monitoring mechanism for the investments of the Fund, apply and oversee the process, develop a methodology for a risk and performance analysis appropriate for the investments of the Fund and oversee the reporting.

Article 40 As regards commissioned investment management business, the Company shall make a disclosure by category (like social security fund, enterprise annuity and other special items) of the assets scale and proceeds of such business as well as the Company's income from such business and related risks took in such business during the reporting period.

The Old New Financial Risk

BRUSSELS A financial crisis erupts when a large volume of assets in the financial system suddenly appears to be risky and investors want to get rid of their holdings. These assets become toxic not simply risky, but carrying a risk that cannot be quantified.

This response is understandably controversial, because it rewards those who bet on risky assets, many of whom accepted risk with open eyes and bear some responsibility for causing the crisis. But an effective rescue cannot be done any other way.

Fundline includes portfolio investment funds, private equity funds and companies, venture capital funds, mutual funds and other equity vehicles.

But the Fed s unconventional monetary policies have also created dangerous risks to the financial sector and the economy as a whole. The very low interest rates that now prevail have driven investors to take excessive risks in order to achieve a higher current yield on their portfolios, often to meet return obligations set by pension and insurance contracts.

I don't want to take such a risk.

These cases underline an inherent risk in the fund allocation process.

The connection between financial risk and asset price swings emerges from the use of a new approach Imperfect Knowledge Economics (IKE) to understanding risk and fluctuations in asset markets. This approach implies that more can be done to reduce systemic risk, beyond reforming how risk is measured and capital buffers determined.

Both sides need political leaders willing to take real risks for peace, including the risk of being killed. After all, ordinary soldiers take this risk, so why should political leaders who can do much greater good or ill be immune to it?

It would be useful to consider ways in which investment risks would be shared by the parties with the backing of existing or future financial institutions.

Since all risks of financial loss are therefore assumed by the Organization and the participants, OIOS maintains its observation that the health insurance programme is essentially run on a self insured basis.

The government is unable to take the risks required to open up this precious frontier.

Considerable credit risks hamper trade finance and financial risk management in countries with high sovereign risks, an issue closely related to a country s economic development and economic policies.

I have also written about globalization s anomalies money should flow from rich to poor countries, but in recent years it has been going in the opposite direction. While the rich are better able to bear the risks of currency and interest rate fluctuations, it is the poor who bear the brunt of this volatility.

Reasons for this include their relatively greater ability to take risks, their better access to finance, and their maturity and readiness to internationalize.

(d) Alternative investments offer the opportunity for an enhanced risk return profile for a pension investment portfolio.

The engagement of the insurance industry is essential as risk insurance could be a passive option for financing these technologies that redistributes the risks between different actors.

A state of the art system will allow the Investment Management Service to rapidly and accurately handle complex investment data and analyse the portfolio risk and its performance.

The more risks are reduced, the easier to transfer some portion of the remaining risk from affected populations to insurers or investors through a variety of financial mechanisms that have been developed specifically for this purpose.