Contracts of employment

Article 11 Contracts of employment

The Employment Contracts Act

The Employment Contracts Act prohibits the employers, in hiring and entering into employment contracts, discriminate against persons applying for employment.

(a) Workers and employees having employment contracts

Employment contracts, including those promoted by National Employment Act No. 24.013 and the employment programmes launched by the Ministry of Labour

The types of contracts promoted by the National Employment Act are

(g) Termination The rules for indefinite employment contracts apply.

Article 11 Immunity of a State in proceedings relating to contracts of employment

98. In order to promote employment, Act No. 24.013, adopted in 1991, provides for new types of contracts, called promoted contracts.

They receive low wages relative to those working in the organized sector and have insecure employment contracts (if contracts exist at all).

(b) contracts for the use or employment of a ship or ships or of any space thereon

(g) If the employer does not comply with any of the legal requirements, the contracts concluded under such procedures will be converted into indefinite employment contracts

Direct and indirect discrimination based on gender is also prohibited by the Employment Contracts Act.

Workers, day labourers, domestic servants, artisans and in a general way to all employment contracts

N35 Provision of loans to female partners in group contracts to initiate local employment and income generating activities

It is seriously concerned that legislation such as the Employment Contracts Act of 1991, which emphasizes individual employment contracts rather than collective agreements, constitutes a major disadvantage for women in the labour market due to their dual responsibilities to work and family.

Many operators prefer not to use employment contracts and simply see themselves as providing a facility.

Neither are the employers allowed to discriminate against employees in employment relations, e.g. regarding remuneration, promotion, giving instructions, termination of employment contracts, access to retraining or in service training.

Likewise, the factor reflecting stability and security of employment did not need to be applied to staff with permanent contracts.

However, a complaint could not be pursued under both the Employment Contracts Act and the Human Rights Act.

The main obstacles for the finalization of reintegration are related to employment contracts and political appointments to ensure adequate ethnic representation.

(g) An evaluation of conflict of interest issues, in particular for personnel dealing with employment decisions and the award of procurement and contracts

All employment contracts are presumed to be indefinite contracts, unless they are shown to have a special status (construction, rural, etc.) or to conform to a type limiting their duration

This Act is of particular importance to employees with temporary employment contracts, among whom women and employees from ethnic minorities clearly predominate.

The Unemployment Insurance Act, which entered into force in 2001, provides for benefits upon unemployment, collective termination of employment contracts and insolvency of employers.

Further information was requested on the racial discrimination complaints procedures and the personal grievance procedures under the Employment Contracts Act.

According to recent International Labour Organization (ILO) statistics, informal employment employment without secure contracts, worker benefits or social protection constitutes 50 to 75 per cent of non agricultural employment in developing countries and tends to be a larger source of employment for women than for men in all developing regions, except North Africa.

Social insurance also covers persons in occupational groups not working on the basis of employment contracts and their families individual farmers, the self employed, creative artists, people working on the basis of agency or mandatory contracts, members of agricultural production cooperatives.

The steps taken have included disciplinary action and non renewal of several employment contracts, and transfer of greeting card activities to a reputable third party.

3. Notes with satisfaction that the benefits of this provisional reform could include the use of two year employment contracts at the International Tribunal for Rwanda

It avoids volume contracts and contracts of affreightment .

Moreover, by amendment to section 39 of the Employment Contracts Act, a complainant could choose the Act under which he wished to pursue a complaint.

41. Under the law on universities adopted in May, all university employees were obliged to sign new employment contracts by 5 August.

In general, as regards the granting of immunity in cases of contracts of employment involving a State, Germany supports protection of the employee to the greatest possible extent.

In 1995 there were 4,432 in service training contracts under the programme, at a cost of 2.4 million dinars, with 59.6 per cent of participants finding employment

The FB H Labour Law sets forth that persons cannot be placed into less favourable position based on their gender in respect to engagement, education, promotion, employment requirements and conditions, cancellation of work contracts or other employment issues.

The Claimant states that the payments were made in accordance with the employment contracts that it had previously entered into with the workers.

3. Notes with satisfaction that the benefits of this provisional reform could include the use of two year employment contracts at the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

Bosnia and Herzegovina concluded on 1 March 1992 an agreement on employment with the Government of Germany on employment of workers from Bosnia and Herzegovina enterprises with main offices in the Republic, aimed at execution of work contracts (Official Gazette, 16 95).

(b) 59 per cent of the 24 claims seeking compensation for salary losses were not supported by independent documentary evidence such as pay slips or copies of employment contracts

Figure II.5 Geographical distribution of contracts by number (171 contracts)

Conclusion of contracts

Since the beginning of 1996, the employment contracts for staff on projects have been extended only for short periods due to the reduced level of general contributions to the Foundation.

9. Within the general policy on the employment of retirees, the following specific guidelines are applicable at the level of the department or office which is responsible for administration of contracts