Manned space flight programme

Flights by cosmonauts and astronauts on board manned Russian spacecraft

Research on basic technologies for spaceplanes, with the focus on aerodynamics, advanced composite structures, flight control, propulsion systems, manned space flight and orbiter manoeuvreing engines

(a) Research on basic technologies for spaceplanes, with the focus on aerodynamics, advanced composite structures, flight control, propulsion systems, manned space flight and orbiter manoeuvring engines

48. For United States manned Shuttle missions, mission rule A4.1.3. 6 addresses on orbit debris avoidance.

In cases involving human space flight, risk assessments have proved invaluable in ensuring the safety of shuttle operations.

They will be mounted on the top of the JFD experiment apparatus in the Shuttle payload bay and will be exposed to the Shuttle flight direction for 40 hours.

Upcoming Shuttle missions will involve Canadian astronauts Julie Payette and Steve MacLean as Mission Specialists and Bjarni Tryggvason and Dave Williams as Payload Specialists.

After separation, the carrier aircraft would remain subject to air law, while the aerospace object and crew would enter the jurisdiction of space law for all subsequent stages of the flight until the moment of landing.

NASA uses ground based telecommunications facilities to provide telemetry, command, and navigation services to a number of NASA, other United States, and international spacecraft such as the Space Shuttle other Earth orbiting spacecraft planetary orbiters and international spacecraft.

A cosmic dust collector, mounted on top of the MFD experimental apparatus in the Shuttle payload bay, was exposed in space in the Shuttle flight direction for approximately 50 hours.

Arianespace Flight V97

At 9 a.m. Beijing time today, China successfully launched a manned spaceship Shenzhou VI.

Calculations made prior to the launch of United States spacecraft permit the establishment of safe launch windows, ensuring that the spacecraft will not pass near resident manned spacecraft (i.e. Space Shuttle, Mir or the International Space Station).

Dr. B. Thirsk was also selected as a payload specialist for space shuttle flight STS 78, following a rigorous international selection process involving astronauts from several countries.

These spacecraft include the Space Shuttle and Earth orbiters planetary orbiters such as Galileo and Magellan and the Voyager and Pioneer spacecraft travelling to the outer reaches of our solar system.

The polar orbit satellite Tan Ce 2 and scientific experiment satellites such as the Shi Jian 6, A and B, satellites had been launched and the Shen Zhou VI manned spacecraft carrying two astronauts had successfully completed its five day flight.

(i) Spaceplane

Three Italian astronauts have been flown during the TSS missions Franco Malerba (ASI) in 1992, as payload specialist, and in 1996, Umberto Guidoni (ASI) as Payload Specialist and Maurizio Cheli (ESA) as mission specialist.

At present, the country's manned space flight programme is being carried out in the Russian segment of the ISS.

Spacecraft and mission design

Upcoming space shuttle missions will involve Canadian astronauts Julie Payette and Steve MacLean as mission specialists and Dave Williams as a payload specialist.

(b) The definition could be accepted if aerospace object was replaced with aerospace vehicle or aerospace craft , and the expression to remain in outer space for a certain period of time was replaced with to travel through airspace

The mission will send a sophisticated robotic spacecraft equipped with 12 scientific experiments to orbit Saturn for a four year period and to study the Saturnian system in detail.

It was launched by the H II launch vehicle in March 1995, and retrieved by the space shuttle in January 1996.

D. Space shuttle

This is especially the case for aerospace objects that might be used for the transport of persons or cargo via orbital or suborbital flights.

The Subcommittee took note of forthcoming flights of the Space Shuttle with Canadian national life sciences payloads, as well as two Canadian astronauts among its crews, of preparations for the first Chilean biomedical experiment on the Space Shuttle and of a bilateral German Russian cooperation project, MIR apos 96, which would take advantage of this long duration manned mission for experiments focusing on human physiology, materials sciences and technology.

The flight programme of the four Russian cosmonauts and six American astronauts included joint scientific and technical research and experiments under the Mir Shuttle programme.

Marc Garneau, Canada apos s first astronaut in space, flew for a second Space Shuttle mission as a Mission Specialist aboard Endeavour, STS 77.

(g) The return to Earth of the American astronaut from the NASA 5 mission

(e) Flights for Canadian astronauts (opportunities on the United States space shuttle and preparation of related experiments)

Are aerospace objects while in airspace considered as aircraft, and while in outer space as spacecraft, with all the legal consequences that follow therefrom, or does either air law or space law prevail during the flight of an aerospace craft, depending on the destination of such a flight?

Yes, particularly in the case of an aerospace object which is capable of take off and flight as an aircraft, and during its flight in airspace can launch itself into outer space and then operate as a spacecraft.

One of the Russian Federation's assets in this area is its vast experience in prolonged manned space flights.

Question 2 Does the regime applicable to the flight of aerospace objects differ according

space as spacecraft, with all the legal consequences that follow therefrom, or does either

space as spacecraft, with all the legal consequences that follow therefrom, or does either

No precedents are believed to exist with respect to the passage of aerospace objects after re entry into the Earth apos s atmosphere in so far as the Space Shuttle might not be regarded as an aerospace object , since it is not strictly capable of motion through airspace.

Another model has been prepared for a flight on the STS 79 Atlantis, in collaboration with the University of Alabama in Huntsville.

The upper stage is used in conjunction with NASA s space shuttle to place payloads up to 900 kg into geotransfer orbit.

Preparations are also under way for the second flight of the Aquatic Research Facility on the NASA shuttle in 1998.

Spacecraft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology

Space Shuttle Orbiter

Similar experiments had been made on several space shuttle missions.