Integration into the European labour strategy would be yet another step towards increasing female participation in the labour force.

Table 3.8 Ratio of urban female labour by economic sectors in 1989 and 1999 ( )

A number of factors may be responsible for the relatively low female labour force participation rate.

The situation in which the female labour force will be found depends, primarily, on the conditions in the economic system.

Speakers underlined the success in girls' enrolment, and in the fight against child labour and trafficking and female genital mutilation.

Regarding child protection, a speaker said that more efforts were needed in preventing child labour, particularly with female domestic workers.

Women's increasingly important and influential participation in the labour market has led to the appointment of three female ministers, two female ambassadors, and four female chiefs of staff, and several women now hold senior positions in ministerial offices and in technical departments.

Ms. Yesildaglar (Turkey) acknowledged that the current rate of female participation in the labour force, 26.6 per cent, was very low.

Under the Labour Code, enterprises with 150 female workers or more had to open childcare facilities for the children of such workers.

Labour unions, female workers' unions and women's unions at the grassroots level will be more proactive and active in assuming the role of supervising law implementation and protecting the legitimate and lawful interests of female workers.

The total share of female participation in the labour force in 2004 was 52 per cent, with 73 per cent working in agriculture.

The total share of female participation in the labour force in 2004 was 47 per cent, with 53 per cent working in agriculture.

However, the Committee of Experts of the International Labour Organization had pointed out that, although more women were entering the Italian labour market, they were employed primarily on a part time basis or in typically female sectors.

The total share of female participation in the labour force in 2000 was 48 per cent, of which 54 per cent were working in agriculture.

The total share of female participation in the labour force in 2000 was 49 per cent, of which 93 per cent were working in agriculture.

The total share of female participation in the labour force in 2000 was 45 per cent, of which 90 per cent were working in agriculture.

The total share of female participation in the labour force in 2000 was 29 per cent, of which 5 per cent were working in agriculture.

The total share of female participation in the labour force in 2004 was 36 per cent, but only 1 per cent were working in agriculture.

The Female Labour Force Participation while still quite low, is increasing. In 1981 it was 2.1 . It had moved up to 9.9 by 2001 2002.

A qipao in the traditional style is made entirely by hand and requires labour intensive manual tailoring techniques to enhance and exhibit every unique female form.

The total share of female participation in the labour force in 2004 was 46 per cent as much as 79 per cent were working in agriculture.

The total share of female participation in the labour force in 2004 was 40 per cent as much as 60 per cent were working in agriculture.

Lastly, female apprentices who are minors may not lodge with their master unless his wife or another adult woman is on the premises (Labour Code regulations).

If the employer cannot temporarily offer the female worker an easier or another work, the employer must temporarily release the worker with the consent of the labour inspector.

One third of the female working population is employed for definite terms, out of which 50 per cent fulfil their rights in accordance with general and specific labour regulations.

The expansion of market for labor and expert export to Southeast Asia is also a good solution to job creation in general and to the female labour force in particular.

Therefore, the utilization of the female labour force constitutes a main prerequisite for the economic viability of households, as well as the economic growth of a region or even the entire country.

Ms. Patten recalled that, in both its report and its oral presentation, the State party had cited the growing female presence in the labour market as one of its most significant achievements.

Female wage labour is still viewed as a solution of last resort for households in desperate straits and their wage rates are normally only half the level of men's, or even less.

According to the Labour Code agricultural or commercial establishments, whether public or private, and individual employers are forbidden to use female employees for work that exceeds their strength or damages their moral character.

Ritual Female Genital Operation (Female Circumcision)

During maternal leave, female workers that have paid social insurance shall receive allowances which are equivalent of 100 of the salary, one extra monthly salary plus other social benefits as prescribed in the Labour Code.

However, female employment was not always visible, as most women performed unregistered, unrecorded work or had flexible patterns of work. Consequently, the figures did not necessarily provide a proper picture of the labour market situation.

Regardless of the particular interpretation of the very imbalanced relation of forces on the market whether as a cultural form that is manifested in a new way adjusted to new social conditions, or as a desertion of some profession by male labour due to low salaries, low dignity or better opportunities elsewhere, and filling of the same profession by female labour at issue here for women is the imbalance that leads to segmentation of the labour market.

The proportion of female lawyers in Guinea is four in 10, female bailiffs four in 41, and female notaries one in five.

Female Students

Female professors

Female circumcision

The system of boards of women work under the Confederation of Labour Unions of Vietnam has also continued to be developed in administrative agencies and state owned enterprises to enhance the capacity in promoting gender equality and rights of female workers.

In addition to these women's NGOs, nearly all of which are members of COFEG, there are the women's branches of the labour unions. The one with the highest profile is CONFETRAG, which is very active in promoting awareness among female workers.

Concerning social security benefits for female agricultural workers, she noted that because of the very traditional nature of agricultural work in Turkey, farms, which were usually family enterprises, were very difficult to incorporate into the scope of the Labour Code.

Child labour

Labour employment

Child labour

Labour laws do not yet provide cover to the entire Pakistani labour force.