Such assistance is usually a preparatory stage for in country legislative assistance.

With regard to legal aid, the State of Viet Nam has paid attention to increase legal aid activities, especially for poor people, people subject to State priority policies and women.

His country, one of the most aid dependent countries in Africa, put a high premium on improving aid effectiveness.

The Legal Assistance Branch is responsible for programmes and policy relating to mainstream legal aid, financial assistance, community legal centres and the operation of the National Pro Bono Resource Centre.

. In almost all responding States, victims received the necessary material assistance (in 23 States), medical assistance (in 33 States), psychological assistance (in 21 States) and social assistance (in 33 States).

Form of assistance Number of countries requesting assistance

Form of assistance Number of countries requesting assistance

Enforced or involuntary disappearances

International assistance to the States affected by the transit of illicit drugs

Technical assistance activities need to encourage requesting States to adopt a balanced approach between responding to legitimate national security concerns and respect for the rule of law.

Assisting post conflict States

More state aid

Legal and technical assistance to such States would enable them to develop the administrative machinery to participate in mutual legal assistance and information sharing.

Developing a legal aid system was not a priority in a least developed country however, legal aid was provided by some NGOs.

In some countries, central authorities have been designated to deal with requests for judicial assistance from other countries, such as mutual legal assistance and extradition.

There is a need for bilateral and multilateral assistance where developed countries with expertise in criminal justice enhancement assist other countries in their reform efforts.

A New Deal for Fragile States

In Africa, more than 20 countries received United Nations assistance in excess of 10 per cent of their total ODA receipts in 1996 six of those received assistance amounting to 20 per cent of ODA.

Underscoring the importance of technical assistance and capacity building for the countries, which are in need of such assistance, particularly in the field of drafting and implementing of legislation.

UNDCP provided assistance to eight CIS member States in drafting national drug control laws and regulations.

UNIDO was responsible for assisting developing countries, but also countries with economies in transition.

As to article 38, international law did not provide a legal obligation to provide financial support.

Developing countries should be provided with legal aid and technical assistance for the purpose of training their magistrates and agents with a view to formulating national legislation to effectively combat the illicit traffic and strengthen national capacities to detect, prevent and punish fraudulent practices.

States must provide support in the form of shelters, legal aid and medical, psychological, social and economic assistance.

Notwithstanding the reluctance of aid agencies to fund assistance in crime prevention and criminal justice, new democratic Governments have received help.

Strengthening of the coordination of humanitarian and disaster relief assistance of the United Nations, including special economic assistance special economic assistance to individual countries or regions

Assistance to country programmes

International assistance programmes should, as had been suggested, specifically target the amount of aid to be channelled through the budgets of recipient countries, and assistance should be aligned with their national strategies.

Developing countries required special help with capacity building, as well as technical and financial assistance.

quot (d) Ensure that the potential donors of criminal justice assistance are put in touch with countries needing the help in question

The African nations need multilateral assistance for the design and financing of such adjustment assistance schemes.

. Many States expressed interest in receiving technical assistance in terms of, inter alia, promulgation of national legislation, training, planning, exchange of experience, research and financial aid.

In 2003, 92 per cent of OECD DAC aid was untied and 94.7 per cent of bilateral aid to least developed countries was provided in grants.

Aid or assistance in the commission of an internationally wrongful act

UNOGBIS also continues to assist the national authorities in drafting national legislation on the prevention, treatment and control of HIV AIDS.

(a) Supporting national Governments in their efforts to strengthen national mechanisms through official development assistance and other appropriate assistance

243. The Commission emphasized the importance of cooperation and coordination between development assistance agencies providing or financing legal technical assistance with the Secretariat, with a view to avoiding situations in which international assistance might lead to the adoption of national laws that would not represent internationally agreed standards, including UNCITRAL conventions and model laws.

(2) The pertinent provisions on responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts are based on the premise that aid or assistance, direction and control, and coercion do not affect attribution of conduct to the State which is aided or assisted, under the direction or control, or under coercion.

International and bilateral assistance can help a State to enhance its criminal justice system and recover elements of community participation in justice matters.

Furthermore, it is essential to implement the commitments regarding the increase in official development assistance, as well as to quickly deliver that assistance to those who are in need.

A State which aids or assists another State in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by the latter is internationally responsible for doing so if

The above benefits are administered by the State Social Security Institute under the Social Assistance Act 1993.

Several countries offered to provide assistance.

The problem is not aid it is how and when it is delivered, to which countries and in what amounts.

8. Encourages States to make use of technical assistance offered by the United Nations programmes of advisory services and technical assistance in order to strengthen national capacities and infrastructures in the field of the administration of justice