99. Older workers are particularly affected by unemployment, especially by long term unemployment.

It focuses on long term unemployed persons and those threatened by long term unemployment, on young persons and women.

While the short term unemployment rate (those unemployed for 26 weeks or less) has fallen back to its 2001 2007 pre crisis average, the long term unemployment rate remains higher than at any time since the measure was introduced in 1948. The long term unemployed account for about 36 of total unemployment, down from nearly 46 in March 2011 but still far above the previous peak of 26 reached 30 years ago.

95. A special problem in the labour market is long term unemployment.

The Committee notes with concern the trend of rising youth unemployment rates and the rise in long term unemployment.

Unemployment rate

The Committee is concerned about the level of long term unemployment, affecting men age 55 59, and the high rate of unemployment among immigrants, refugees, new college graduates and women, which are well above the national average.

Krueger s analysis indicates that the rate of inflation begins to increase when the short term unemployment rate falls to 4 4.5 . With short term unemployment currently at 4.2 , the inflation rate is indeed rising, and Krueger s research suggests that it will increase further in the months ahead.

The Committee recommends that the State party strengthen measures to tackle the problem of long term unemployment and unemployment among young people.

A research network focusing on long term unemployment, impoverishment and crime waves has been established.

The employment rate for females between 15 and 64 years of age had increased from 40 per cent in 1994 to 56 per cent in 2004 the female unemployment rate was down to 3.6 per cent, and long term unemployment of more than one year stood at 0.8 per cent.

Unemployment rate was 10 .

(l) Unemployment rate ( )6

(b) the estimated long term rate of inflation used in computing the liability

But after inflation succumbed, unemployment did not fall or not by much. If unemployment was not stuck quite at Great Depression levels, it remained high enough to make long term joblessness or the fear of long term joblessness a defining experience.

Moreover, unemployment in the eurozone has skyrocketed to an average rate of roughly 12 , with more than 50 youth unemployment in the periphery countries implying a long term loss of talent and erosion of the tax base. And, despite the spike in unemployment, productivity growth in the eurozone is decidedly negative.

Compared with older workers, young persons are affected by long term unemployment to a considerably smaller extent.

26. Low rate of activity and high unemployment rate.

URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, BY SEX

The Federal Reserve s policy of long term asset purchases, also known as quantitative easing, has intentionally kept long term rates low. The Fed is buying Treasury bonds and long term mortgage backed securities at a rate of 85 billion a month, equivalent to an annual rate of 1,020 billion.

Special efforts should be made against long term and structural unemployment and underemployment, particularly among youth and women.

But judging from a short term perspective, the further downward movement of the long term interest rate requires phased risk exposure and the downward movement of capital interest rate.

Youth unemployment rate (age 15 24) ____________

Table 5. Unemployment rate by sex

Table 6. Unemployment rate by age

The high unemployment rate among women was a reflection of Latvia's overall unemployment rate, which stood at 10.6 per cent.

Organization of meetings with unemployed people and people particularly threatened by long term unemployment concerning problems connected with the labour market

What is the unemployment rate at the moment?

In 2001 and 2002 the unemployment rate dropped.

With an unemployment rate of 9.4 per cent in August 1995, however, women continued to be affected by unemployment slightly more strongly than men (unemployment rate of men 9.1 per cent).

Recent research also indicates that increases in demand that would cause a further reduction in the current unemployment rate would boost the inflation rate. An important study co authored by Alan Krueger of Princeton University, who served as Chairman of President Obama s Council of Economic Advisers until last year, showed that the inflation rate reflects the level of short term unemployment (lasting less than six months), rather than the overall unemployment rate.

Similarly, loans for economic development should be extended at a concessionary interest rate with a long term payback schedule.

Figure in bracket refers to seasonally adjusted unemployment rate.

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY SEX AND LEVEL OF EDUCATION IN

The rate of unemployment among men is very high.

It also notes with concern the rise in long term unemployment and the large share of young people below 25 among the unemployed.

(e) Long term (over a year) unemployment accounted for more than 30 per cent of the total by the end of 1993 Ibid.

Moreover, many of the structural reforms that are currently being considered or implemented, despite boosting growth in the long term, can have short term contractionary effects. This is particularly true of greater labor market flexibility, a key asset for long term growth that can lead to a short term increase in unemployment.

59. UNESCO s Programme for Management of Social Transformations has developed a research project to provide policy analysis on the management of long term unemployment.

Women have a slightly higher unemployment rate (7.4 ) than men.

11.2 The Rate of Unemployment by Region, Area and Sex

Table 4. Unemployment rate by province (excluding North and East)

For example, the Fed has pledged to keep interest rates low at least until the unemployment rate falls to 6.5 a move that has arguably lowered long term borrowing costs. Likewise, Mark Carney, in his first policy action as Governor of the Bank of England, announced forward guidance for short term interest rates.

If the LFPR had remained at its pre recession high, the unemployment rate today would be nearly 12 . If it had stabilized when the unemployment rate peaked in October 2009, unemployment today would be over 9 .

Other emergency health services included psychosocial counselling, especially for children, to prevent long term problems and limit the school dropout rate.